%% This is file `aastex.cls', 
%% generated with the docstrip utility. 
%% 
%% The original source files were: 
%% 
%% aasclass.dtx  (with options: `class') 
%%  
%% This is a generated file; 
%% altering it directly is inadvisable; 
%% instead, modify the original source file. 
%%  
%% Copyright notice. 
%%  
%%    These files are distributed 
%%    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
%%    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 
%%  
%% \CharacterTable 
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z 
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z 
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \# 
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \& 
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \) 
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \, 
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/ 
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \< 
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \? 
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\ 
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_ 
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \| 
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}% 
%%%  @LaTeX-file{ 
%%%     filename        = "aastex.dtx", 
%%%     version         = "5.0b8/CB/AO", 
%%%     date            = "1999/11/06", 
%%%     time            = "16:23:00 GMT", 
%%%     checksum        = "4868", 
%%%     author          = "Arthur Ogawa (mailto:ogawa@teleport.com)", 
%%%     copyright       = "Copyright (C) 1998 American Astronomical Society, 
%%%                        all rights reserved.  Copying of this file is 
%%%                        authorized only if either: 
%%%                        (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, 
%%%                        including name; OR 
%%%                        (2) if you do make changes, you first rename it 
%%%                        to some other name.", 
%%%     address         = "American Astronomical Society 
%%%                        USA", 
%%%     telephone       = "+1 ???", 
%%%     FAX             = "", 
%%%     email           = "ogawa@teleport.com", 
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII", 
%%%     keywords        = "latex, AAS, journal", 
%%%     supported       = "yes", 
%%%     abstract        = "formatter for AAS journal submissions", 
%%%     docstring       = "The checksum field above generated by ltxdoc", 
%%%  } 
%AO-changes 31 Oct 1999, 6 Nov 1999 
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]% 
\ProvidesClass{aastex}% 
 [1999/11/30 5.0b9/CB/AO AAS markup document class]% 
\def\substitute@option#1#2{% 
 \ClassWarning{aastex}{% 
  Substyle #1 is deprecated in aastex. 
  Using #2 instead (please fix your document). 
 }\@nameuse{ds@#2}% 
}% 
\ClassInfo{aastex}{% 
 Original \protect\LaTeX2.09 style 
 by Chris Biemesderfer (chris@seagoat.com). 
 Adapted to \protect\LaTeXe\space 
 by A. Ogawa (ogawa@teleport.com)% 
}% 
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{0}}% 
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{1}}% 
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\newcommand\aas@ptsize{2}}% 
\DeclareOption{landscape}{\OptionNotUsed}% 
\DeclareOption{eqsecnum}{\AtEndOfClass{\eqsecnum}}% 
\DeclareOption{flushrt}{\let\opt@just\just@just}% 
\let\opt@just\@empty 
\def\just@just{% 
 \@rightskip\z@skip 
 \rightskip\@rightskip 
 \pretolerance=100\relax 
}% 
\DeclareOption{tighten}{\def\opt@tighten{\tightenlines}}% 
\let\opt@tighten\@empty 
 
\DeclareOption{manuscript}{\def\aas@substyle{manuscript}}% 
\DeclareOption{preprint}{\def\aas@substyle{preprint}}% 
\DeclareOption{preprint2}{\def\aas@substyle{preprint2}\@twocolumntrue}% 
\DeclareOption{aasms4}{\substitute@option{aasms4}{manuscript}}% 
\DeclareOption{aaspp4}{\substitute@option{aaspp4}{preprint}}% 
\DeclareOption{aas2pp4}{\substitute@option{aas2pp4}{preprint2}}% 
\DeclareOption{aj_pt4}{\substitute@option{aj_pt4}{preprint}}% 
\DeclareOption{apjpt4}{\substitute@option{apjpt4}{preprint}}% 
\def\aas@substyle{manuscript}% 
\AtEndOfPackage{% 
 \@nameuse{aas@\aas@substyle}% 
}% 
\DeclareOption{astro}{\AtBeginDocument{\load@astro}}% 
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}% 
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,oneside,onecolumn,final}% 
\ProcessOptions\relax 
\@namedef{aas@size@manuscript}{% 
 \def\aas@ptsize{2}% 
 \pass@aassize 
}% 
\@namedef{aas@size@preprint}{% 
 \ifx\undefined\aas@ptsize 
  \expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo 
 \fi 
 {\def\aas@ptsize{1}}{}% 
 \pass@aassize 
}% 
\@namedef{aas@size@preprint2}{% 
 \ifx\undefined\aas@ptsize 
  \expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo 
 \fi 
 {\def\aas@ptsize{0}}{}% 
 \pass@aassize 
}% 
\def\pass@aassize{% 
 \expandafter\PassOptionsToClass 
 \expandafter{% 
 \expandafter1\aas@ptsize pt}{article}% 
}% 
\@nameuse{aas@size@\aas@substyle}% 
\LoadClass{article}[1995/12/01]% 
\RequirePackage{latexsym}% 
\RequirePackage{graphicx}% 
\RequirePackage{amssymb}% 
\RequirePackage{natbib}% 
\newcommand{\bibstyle@aas}{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}% 
\@citestyle{aas}% 
\RequirePackage{verbatim}% 
\def\@to{to}% 
\newcommand\ulap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{\vss#1}}}% 
\newcommand\dlap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{#1\vss}}}% 
\newcommand\let@environment[2]{% 
 \expandafter\let 
 \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname#2\endcsname 
 \expandafter\let 
 \csname end#1\expandafter\endcsname\csname end#2\endcsname 
 }% 
\newcommand\say[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\meaning#1>}}% 
\newcommand\saythe[1]{\typeout{<\noexpand#1=\the#1>}}% 
\newcommand\tracingplain{% 
 \tracingonline\z@\tracingcommands\z@\tracingstats\z@ 
 \tracingpages\z@\tracingoutput\z@\tracinglostchars\@ne 
 \tracingmacros\z@\tracingparagraphs\z@\tracingrestores\z@ 
 \showboxbreadth5\showboxdepth3\relax %\errorstopmode 
 }% 
\newcommand\traceoutput{% 
 \appdef\@resetactivechars{\showoutput}% 
}% 
\newcommand\nohyphenation{\kern\z@}% 
\newcommand\offhyphenation{% 
 \lefthyphenmin\maxdimen\emergencystretch8\p@ 
}% 
\def\substitute@command#1#2{% 
 \ClassWarning{aastex}{% 
  Command \protect#1\space is deprecated in aastex. 
  Using \protect#2\space instead (please fix your document). 
 }% 
 #2% 
}% 
\def\remove@command#1{% 
 \ClassWarning{aastex}{% 
  Command \protect#1\space is deprecated in aastex. 
  Please remove it from your document% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@provide#1{%Implicit #2 
 \@ifxundefined#1{\def#1}{\def\@tempa}% 
}% 
\def\prepdef#1#2{% 
 \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% 
 \toks@ii{#2}% 
 \edef#1{\the\toks@ii\the\toks@}% 
}% 
\def\appdef#1#2{% 
 \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% 
 \toks@ii{#2}% 
 \edef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% 
}% 
\def\appgdef#1#2{% 
 \@ifxundefined#1{\toks@{}}{\toks@\expandafter{#1}}% 
 \toks@ii{#2}% 
 \xdef#1{\the\toks@\the\toks@ii}% 
}% 
\toksdef\toks@ii=\tw@ 
\long\def\@ifxundefined#1{\@ifx{\undefined#1}}% 
\def\@boolean#1#2{% 
  \long\def#1{% 
    #2% \if<something> 
      \expandafter\boolean@true 
    \else 
      \expandafter\boolean@false 
    \fi 
  }% 
}% 
\def\@boole@def#1#{\@boolean{#1}}% Implicit #2 
\@boole@def\@ifx#1{\ifx#1}% 
\@boole@def\@ifx@empty#1{\ifx\@empty#1}% 
\@boole@def\@ifnum#1{\ifnum#1}% 
\@boole@def\@ifdim#1{\ifdim#1}% 
\@boole@def\@ifvoid#1{\ifvoid#1}% 
\long\def\boolean@true#1#2{#1}% 
\long\def\boolean@false#1#2{#2}% 
\renewcommand\addpenalty[1]{% 
  \ifvmode 
    \if@minipage 
    \else 
      \if@nobreak 
      \else 
        \ifinner 
          \@tempskipa\lastskip \unskip 
          \@tempcnta\lastpenalty \unpenalty 
          \ifnum#1<\@tempcnta 
            \penalty#1\relax 
          \else 
            \penalty\@tempcnta 
          \fi 
          \vskip\@tempskipa 
        \else 
          \ifdim\lastskip=\z@ 
            \penalty#1\relax 
          \else 
            \@tempskipb\lastskip 
            \vskip-\lastskip 
            \penalty#1% 
            \vskip\@tempskipb 
          \fi 
        \fi 
      \fi 
    \fi 
  \else 
    \@noitemerr 
  \fi 
}% 
\renewcommand\addvspace[1]{% 
  \ifvmode 
    \if@minipage 
    \else 
      \ifinner 
        \@tempskipa\lastskip \unskip 
        \ifdim\@tempskipa=\z@ 
          \vskip#1\relax 
        \else 
          \@tempskipb#1\relax 
          \ifdim\@tempskipa<\@tempskipb 
            \vskip\@tempskipb 
          \else 
            \ifdim\@tempskipb<\z@ 
              \ifdim\@tempskipa<\z@ 
                \vskip\@tempskipa 
              \else 
                \advance\@tempskipb\@tempskipa 
                \vskip\@tempskipb 
              \fi 
            \else 
              \vskip\@tempskipa 
            \fi 
          \fi 
        \fi 
      \else 
        \ifdim\lastskip=\z@ 
          \vskip#1\relax 
        \else 
          \@tempskipb#1\relax 
          \@xaddvskip 
        \fi 
      \fi 
    \fi 
  \else 
    \@noitemerr 
  \fi 
}% 
\newcommand\maketitle@page{% 
 \maketitle@disarm 
 \begin{titlepage}% 
  \let\footnotesize\small 
  \let\footnoterule\relax 
  \let \footnote \thanks 
  \@maketitle 
  \@thanks 
  \vfil\null 
 \end{titlepage}% 
 \after@maketitle 
}% 
\newcommand\maketitle@runin{% 
  \par 
  \maketitle@disarm 
  \begingroup 
    \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}% 
    \long\def\@makefntext##1{% 
     \parindent 1em\noindent 
     \hb@xt@1.8em{% 
      \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}% 
     }% 
     ##1% 
    }% 
    \if@twocolumn 
      \@ifnum{\col@number=\@ne}{% 
        \global\let\@title@footnote@text\@empty 
        \twocolumn[% 
         \let\@footnotetext\@title@footnotetext 
         \@maketitle 
        ]% 
        \@title@footnote@text 
      }{% 
        \@maketitle 
      }% 
    \else 
      \newpage 
      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page. 
      \@maketitle 
    \fi 
    \@thanks 
  \endgroup 
  \after@maketitle 
}% 
\def\after@maketitle{% 
 \global\let\thanks\@gobble 
 \global\let\maketitle\relax 
 \global\let\@maketitle\relax 
 \global\let\@thanks\@empty 
 \global\let\@author\@empty 
 \global\let\@date\@empty 
 \global\let\@title\@empty 
 \global\let\title\relax 
 \global\let\author\relax 
 \global\let\date\relax 
 \global\let\and\relax 
 \global\let\email\@text@email 
}% 
\AtEndOfClass{% 
 \if@titlepage 
  \let\maketitle\maketitle@page 
 \else 
  \let\maketitle\maketitle@runin 
 \fi 
}% 
\def\open@footnotetext{% 
 \insert\footins\bgroup % \egroup in \close@footnotetext 
  \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty 
  \splittopskip\footnotesep 
  \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox 
  \floatingpenalty \@MM 
  \reset@font\footnote@size 
  \hsize\columnwidth 
  \@parboxrestore 
}% 
\def\close@footnotetext#1{% 
  \color@begingroup 
   \@makefntext{% 
    \rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces 
    #1\@finalstrut\strutbox 
   }% 
  \color@endgroup 
 \egroup 
}% 
\def\@footnotetext{% Implict #1 
 \open@footnotetext 
  \set@footnotetext{p@footnote}% 
}% 
\def\@mpfootnotetext{% Implict #1 
 \global\setbox\@mpfootins\vbox\bgroup % \egroup in \set@footnotetext 
  \unvbox\@mpfootins 
  \set@footnotetext{p@mpfootnote}% 
}% 
\long\def\set@footnotetext#1{%Implicit #2 
  \protected@edef\@currentlabel{% 
   \csname #1\endcsname\@thefnmark 
  }% 
 \close@footnotetext 
}% 
\def\@title@footnotetext#1{% 
 \protected@edef\@tempa{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}% 
 \expandafter\appgdef 
 \expandafter\@title@footnote@text 
 \expandafter{% 
 \expandafter\insert@footnotetext 
 \expandafter{\@tempa}{#1}}% 
}% 
\def\insert@footnotetext#1{%Implicit #2 
 \open@footnotetext 
  \def\@thefnmark{#1}% 
  \def\@currentlabel{#1}% 
 \close@footnotetext 
}% 
\AtBeginDocument{% 
 \ifx\footnote@size\undefined 
  \let\footnote@size\footnotesize 
 \fi 
}% 
\long\def\eqnarray@broken{% 
 \stepcounter{equation}\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% 
 \global\@eqnswtrue\m@th\global\@eqcnt\z@ 
 \tabskip\mathindent 
 \let\\=\@eqncr 
 \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}% 
 \ifvmode\addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}\fi 
 \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\parskip}% 
 \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 $$% 
 \everycr{}% 
 \halign to\linewidth\bgroup 
  \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel 
  &\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
   \hskip\tw@\arraycolsep 
   \hfil${##}$\hfil 
  &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ 
   \hskip\tw@\arraycolsep 
   $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering 
  &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@\hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup 
   \tabskip\z@skip 
  \cr 
}% 
\long\def\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed{% 
 \stepcounter{equation}\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}% 
 \global\@eqnswtrue\m@th\global\@eqcnt\z@ 
 \tabskip\mathindent 
 \let\\=\@eqncr 
 \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}% 
 \ifvmode\addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}\fi 
 \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\parskip}% 
 \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}% 
 $$% 
 \everycr{}% 
 \halign\@to\linewidth\bgroup 
  \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel 
  &\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
   \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep 
   \hfil${{}##{}}$\hfil 
  &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ 
   \hskip\tw@\eqncolsep 
   $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering 
  &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@\hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup 
   \tabskip\z@skip 
  \cr 
}% 
\ifx\eqnarray\eqnarray@broken 
 \ClassWarningNoLine{aastex}{Repairing broken {eqnarray} definition}% 
 \let\eqnarray\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed 
\fi 
\let\eqnarray@broken\relax 
\let\eqnarray@fleqn@fixed\relax 
\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{% 
 \@startsection@hook 
 \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi 
 \par 
 \@tempskipa #4\relax 
 \@afterindenttrue 
 \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ 
  \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse 
 \fi 
 \if@nobreak 
  \everypar{}% 
 \else 
  \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa 
 \fi 
 \@ifstar 
  {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}% 
  {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}% 
}% 
\def\@startsection@hook{}% 
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{% 
 \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth 
  \let\@svsec\@empty 
 \else 
  \refstepcounter{#1}% 
  \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}% 
 \fi 
 \@tempskipa #5\relax 
 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ 
  \begingroup 
   \section@centering 
   #6{% 
    \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}% 
    \interlinepenalty \@M\sec@upcase{#8}\@@par 
   }% 
  \endgroup 
  \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% 
  \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% 
   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else 
    \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% 
   \fi 
   #7% 
  }% 
 \else 
  \def\@svsechd{% 
   #6{% 
    \hskip#3\relax\@svsec 
    \sec@upcase{#8}% 
   }% 
   \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}% 
   \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{% 
    \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth 
    \else 
     \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}% 
    \fi 
    #7% 
   }% 
  }% 
 \fi 
 \@xsect{#5}% 
}% 
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{% 
 \@tempskipa #3\relax 
 \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ 
  \begingroup 
   \section@centering 
   #4{% 
    \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}% 
    \interlinepenalty \@M\sec@upcase{#5}\@@par 
   }% 
  \endgroup 
 \else 
  \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax \sec@upcase{#5}}}% 
 \fi 
 \@xsect{#3}% 
}% 
\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname.\quad}% 
\def\section@centering{\centering}% 
\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}% 
\def\@citex[#1]#2{% 
 \let\@citea\@empty 
 \@cite{% 
  \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{% 
   \@citea 
   \def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }% 
   \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb\@empty}% 
   \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi 
   \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{% 
    \G@refundefinedtrue 
    \@latex@warning{% 
     Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined% 
    }% 
   }{% 
     \csname b@\@citeb\endcsname 
   }% 
  }% 
 }{#1}% 
}% 
\def\revtex@ver{5.0}% 
\def\revtex@date{25 Sep 98}% 
\def\revtex@org{AAS}% 
\def\revtex@jnl{AAS}% 
\def\revtex@genre{manuscript}% 
\def\class@typeout{% 
 \typeout{% 
  \revtex@org\space 
  \revtex@genre\space substyle, v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\class@typeout@jnl{% 
 \typeout{% 
  \revtex@org\space 
  \revtex@jnl\space 
  \revtex@genre\space substyle, v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.% 
 }% 
}% 
\AtBeginDocument{% 
 \class@typeout 
}% 
\def\revtex@pageid{% 
 \xdef\@thefnmark{\null}% 
 \@footnotetext{% 
  This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the 
  \revtex@org\space \LaTeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\ps@plaintop{% 
 \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo 
 \def\@oddfoot{}% 
 \def\@oddhead{\rmfamily\hfil--\space\thepage\space--\hfil}% 
 \def\@evenfoot{}% 
 \let\@evenhead\@oddhead 
}% 
\def\ps@msstitle{%CB-mss ID on title page 
 \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo 
 \def\@oddfoot{}% 
 \def\@oddhead{\rmfamily\hfil\ms@id}% 
 \def\@evenfoot{}% 
 \let\@evenhead\@oddhead 
}% 
\setlength\textwidth{6.5in}% 
\setlength\textheight{8.4in}% 
\setlength\headheight{.15in}% 
 \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}% 
 \setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}% 
 \setlength\oddsidemargin   {0in}% 
 \setlength\evensidemargin  {0in}% 
 \setlength\marginparwidth  {0in}% 
 \setlength\topmargin{0in}% 
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}% 
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}% 
\def\@doubleleading{1.6}% 
\def\@tightleading{1.1}% 
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% 
\newcommand\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}}% 
\newcommand\tightenlines{\tighten}% 
\newcommand\singlespace{% 
 \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% 
 \normalsize 
}% 
\newcommand\doublespace{% 
 \def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}% 
 \normalsize 
}% 
\def\singlespace@apj{% 
 \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% 
 \def\arraystretch{\@tightleading}% 
 \normalsize 
}% 
\def\doublespace@apj{% 
 \def\baselinestretch@apj{\@doubleleading}% 
 \def\arraystretch{\@doubleleading}% 
 \normalsize 
}% 
\setlength\parskip{1.5ex}% 
\setlength\parindent{2em}% 
\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@\@plus1\p@\@minus1\p@}% 
\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus2\p@}% 
\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@\@plus4\p@\@minus4\p@}% 
\@lowpenalty   51 
\@medpenalty  151 
\@highpenalty 301 
\newcommand\ptlandscape{% 
 \setlength\textwidth{9in}% 
 \setlength\textheight{6.5in}% 
 \setlength\pt@width{\textwidth}% 
 \setlength\hoffset{0.0in}% 
 \setlength\voffset{-0.25in}% 
}% 
\def\eqsecnum{% 
 \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% 
 \def\theequation{% 
 %\mbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}% Wrong! 
  \arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@journalname{The Astropolitical Journal}% 
\def\cpr@holder{American Astronomical Society}% 
\newcommand\received[1]{\gdef\@recvdate{#1}}% 
\newcommand\accepted[1]{\gdef\@accptdate{#1}}% 
\newcommand\revised[1]{\gdef\@revisedate{#1}}% 
\newcommand\journalid[2]{\gdef\@jourvol{#1}\gdef\@jourdate{#2}}% 
\newcommand\articleid[2]{\gdef\@startpage{#1}\gdef\@finishpage{#2}}% 
\newcommand\paperid[1]{\gdef\@paperid{#1}}% 
\newcommand\ccc[1]{\gdef\CCC@code{#1}}% 
\AtEndOfClass{% 
 \@provide\@recvdate{}% 
 \@provide\@accptdate{}% 
 \@provide\@revisedate{}% 
 \@provide\@jourvol{}% 
 \@provide\@jourdate{}% 
 \@provide\@startpage{}% 
 \@provide\@finishpage{}% 
 \@provide\@paperid{MS-0001-SAMP}% 
 \@provide\CCC@code{000-00\$75.95-CDB}% 
}% 
\newcommand\cpright[2]{% 
 \global\expandafter\let\expandafter\cpr@type\csname cpr@#1\endcsname 
 \gdef\cpr@year{#2}% 
 \typeout{`#1' copyright \cpr@year.}% 
}% 
\def\cpr@AAS{Copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.}% 
\def\cpr@PD{This article is in the public domain.}% 
\def\cpr@Crown{Crown copyright \cpr@year\space by the \cpr@holder.}% 
\def\cpr@none{No copyright is claimed for this article.}% 
\def\cpr@ASP{Copyright \cpr@year\space by the ASP.}% 
\def\cpr@year{\number\year}% 
\def\@slug{% 
 \par 
 \noindent\cpr@type\par 
 \noindent Manuscript number \@paperid.\par 
 \noindent\CCC@code\par 
}% 
\newcommand\lefthead{\substitute@command\lefthead\shorttitle}% 
\newcommand\righthead{\substitute@command\righthead\shortauthors}% 
\newcommand\shorttitle[1]{\gdef\@versohead{#1}}% 
\newcommand\shortauthors[1]{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}}% 
\shorttitle{\relax}% 
\shortauthors{\relax}% 
\def\@runheads{% 
 \@tempcnta\c@page 
 \@whilenum\@tempcnta>\z@\do{% 
  \vskip 3ex 
  \hbox\@to30pc{% 
   \small 
   \expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@versohead}: 
   \expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\@rectohead}\hfil 
  }% 
  \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne 
 }% 
}% 
\newcommand\msid[1]{\gdef\ms@id{#1}}%CB- mss ID 
\def\ms@id{}% 
\newcommand\slugcomment[1]{\gdef\slug@comment{#1}}% 
\slugcomment{}% 
\newdimen\@slugcmmntwidth 
\long\def\@makeslugcmmnt@mss{% 
 \@ifx@empty\slug@comment{\relax}{% 
  \vskip 5ex 
  \sbox\@tempboxa{\slug@comment}% 
  \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa >\@slugcmmntwidth}{% 
   \hbox\@to\textwidth{% 
    \hss 
    \parbox\@slugcmmntwidth\slug@comment 
   }% 
  }{% 
   \hbox\@to\textwidth{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\long\def\@makeslugcmmnt@ppt{% 
 \@ifx@empty\slug@comment{\relax}{% 
  \sbox\@tempboxa{\slug@comment}% 
  \@ifdim{\wd\@tempboxa >\@slugcmmntwidth}{% 
   \hbox\@to\textwidth{% 
    \hss 
    \parbox\@slugcmmntwidth\slug@comment 
   }% 
  }{% 
   \hbox\@to\textwidth{\hfil\box\@tempboxa}% 
  }% 
  \vskip 2ex 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@rcvaccrule{\vrule\@width1.75in\@height0.5pt\@depth\z@}% 
\def\@dates{{Received}\space% 
 \ifx\@empty\@recvdate\@rcvaccrule\else\@recvdate\fi;% 
 \hspace{1.5em}{accepted}\space% 
 \ifx\@empty\@accptdate\@rcvaccrule\else\@accptdate\fi% 
}% 
\def\@dates@pptt{% 
 \@ifx@empty\@recvdate{}{% 
  \@ifx@empty\@accptdate{}{% 
   {% 
    \center 
     \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\small}{\normalsize}% 
     {\itshape Received}\space 
     \@recvdate 
     \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\\[.5ex]}{\hspace{1.5em}}% 
     {\itshape accepted}\space 
     \@accptdate 
    \endcenter 
   }% 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\sluginfo@mss{% 
 {% 
  \addpenalty{\@M}% 
  \addvspace{6\p@}% 
  \centering 
  \@dates 
  \@makeslugcmmnt 
  \par 
  \addvspace{6\p@}% 
 }% 
}% 
\newcommand\sluginfo{% 
 {% 
  \addpenalty{\@M}% 
  \addvspace{6\p@}% 
  \centering 
  \@dates 
  \par 
  \addvspace{6\p@}% 
 }% 
}% 
\let\dates=\sluginfo 
\renewenvironment{abstract}{% 
 \global\setbox\abstract@box\vtop\bgroup 
  \columnwidth\textwidth\hsize\columnwidth\linewidth\hsize 
  \normalsize 
  \color@begingroup 
  \@parboxrestore 
  \@setminipage 
  \quotation 
}{% 
  \par 
  \endquotation 
  \removelastskip 
  \vskip-\prevdepth 
  \color@endgroup 
 \egroup 
}% 
\newbox\abstract@box 
\def\abstractname{ABSTRACT}% 
\def\@abstract@mss{% 
 \sluginfo 
 \clearpage 
 \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% 
  \begin{center}\bfseries\abstractname\end{center}% 
  \contribute@box\abstract@box 
 }% 
}% 
\def\contribute@box#1{%AO-abstract to break over pages (still does not work in 2-column page grid) 
 \dimen@\ht#1% 
 \leavevmode\hbox{\vrule\@height\ht#1\@width\z@}\par 
 \nointerlineskip\nobreak\kern-\ht#1 
 \unvbox#1\prevdepth\z@ 
}% 
\def\@abstract@ppt{% 
 \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% 
  \begin{center}\bfseries\abstractname\end{center}% 
  \contribute@box\abstract@box 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@abstract@pptt{% 
 \@ifvoid\abstract@box{}{% 
  \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% 
   \section*{Abstract}% 
  }{% 
   \vspace{3em}% 
   \begin{center}% 
    \large 
    \bfseries\abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}% 
   \end{center}% 
  }% 
  \contribute@box\abstract@box 
 }% 
}% 
\def\title#1{\appdef\@title{\make@title{#1}}}% 
\def\author#1{\appdef\@author{\make@author{#1}}}% 
\def\email#1{\appdef\@author{\make@authoremail{#1}}}% 
\def\affil#1{\appdef\@author{\make@affil{#1}}}% 
\def\altaffilmark#1{\appdef\@author{\make@altaffilmark{#1}}}% 
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\appdef\@author{\make@altaffiltext{#1}{#2}}}% 
\def\and{\appdef\@author{\make@and}}% 
\let\authoraddr\@gobble 
\let\@title\@empty 
\let\@author\@empty 
\let\@date\@empty 
\def\@maketitle{% 
 \newpage 
 \begingroup 
  \let\footnote\thanks 
  \let\email\make@authoremail 
  \let\affil\make@affil 
  \let\altaffilmark\make@altaffilmark 
  \let\altaffiltext\make@altaffiltext 
  \let\and\make@and 
  \@title 
  \@author 
  \@date 
  \par 
  \@abstract 
  \@ifxundefined\keyword@list{}{% 
   \expandafter\@keywords 
   \expandafter{\keyword@list}% 
  }% 
 \endgroup 
}% 
\def\make@title@mss#1{% 
 {% 
  \def\baselinestretch{\@tightleading}% 
  \center\large\bfseries{#1}\endcenter 
 }% 
 \thispagestyle{msstitle}%CB-mss ID 
}% 
\def\make@title@ppt#1{% 
 \@makeslugcmmnt 
 {\center\large\bfseries{#1}\endcenter}% 
 \thispagestyle{empty}% 
}% 
\def\make@title@pptt#1{% 
 {% 
  \center 
  \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\large}{\Large}% 
  \bfseries 
  #1% 
  \endcenter 
 }% 
}% 
\def\make@author#1{% 
 {\topsep\z@\center\normalsize#1\endcenter}% 
}% 
\def\make@author@pptt#1{% 
 {\topsep\z@ 
  \center 
  \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\normalsize}{\vspace{4ex}\large}% 
  #1% 
  \endcenter 
 }% 
}% 
\let\make@authoraddr=\@gobble 
%\let\make@authoremail=\@gobble%AO-author email address to have a production in title block 
\def\make@authoremail#1{% 
 {\topsep\z@\center\normalsize\tt#1\endcenter}% 
}% 
\newcommand\make@affil[1]{% 
 \vspace*{-2.5ex}% 
 {\topsep\z@\center#1\endcenter}% 
}% 
\def\make@affil@pptt#1{% 
 \vspace*{-0.8ex}% 
 {% 
  \topsep\z@ 
  \center 
   \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{\small}{\normalsize}% 
   \itshape 
   #1% 
  \endcenter 
 }% 
}% 
\newcommand\make@altaffilmark[1]{$^{#1}$}% 
\newcommand\make@altaffiltext[2]{% 
 \footnotetext[#1]{#2}\stepcounter{footnote}% 
}% 
\def\make@and{\vspace*{-0.5ex}{\topsep\z@\center and\endcenter}}% 
\newcommand\keywords{\appdef\keyword@list}% 
\let\keyword@list\undefined 
\def\@keywords#1{% 
 \vspace*{-.7ex}% 
 \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% 
  \noindent 
  {{\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space\@kwds{#1}}% 
 }{% 
  {% 
   \quote 
   {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space 
   \@kwds{#1}% 
   \endquote 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@keywords@pptt#1{% 
 \vspace*{-.7ex}% 
 \@ifnum{\col@number=\tw@}{% 
  \noindent 
  {% 
   \small 
   {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space 
   \@kwds{#1}% 
  }% 
 }{% 
  {% 
   \quote 
   \small 
   {\itshape\@keywordtext:\/}\space 
   \@kwds{#1}% 
   \endquote 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\let\subjectheadings=\keywords 
\def\@keywordtext{Subject headings}% 
\def\@keyworddelim{---}% 
\def\@kwds@jnl#1{% 
 \def\@kwddlm{}% 
 \@for\@kwd:=#1\do{% 
  \@kwddlm 
  \def\@kwddlm{\space\@keyworddelim\penalty\@m\space}% 
  {\@kwd}% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@kwds#1{#1\relax}% 
\AtBeginDocument{% 
 \everypar{% 
  \everypar@hook 
 }% 
}% 
\def\everypar@hook{% 
 \setbox\z@\lastbox\par\removelastskip 
 \everypar{}% 
 \maketitle@trigger 
 \leavevmode 
}% 
\def\@startsection@hook{\maketitle@trigger}% 
\prepdef\tableofcontents{\listof@hook}% 
\prepdef\listoffigures{\listof@hook}% 
\prepdef\listoftables{\listof@hook}% 
\def\listof@hook{\maketitle@trigger}% 
\def\maketitle@disarm{% 
 \global\let\maketitle@trigger\relax 
 \global\let\@startsection@hook\@empty 
 \global\let\listof@hook\@empty 
 \global\let\everypar@hook\@empty 
}% 
\def\maketitle@trigger{% 
 \maketitle 
}% 
\setlength{\skip\footins}{4ex\@plus1ex\@minus.5ex}% 
\setlength\footnotesep{3ex}% 
\long\def\@makefntext@pptt#1{% 
 \noindent 
 \hbox\@to\z@{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}% 
 #1% 
}% 
\newcounter{editornote}% 
\def\theeditornote{{\rmfamily E}\arabic{editornote}}% 
\newcommand\notetoeditor[1]{% 
 \stepcounter{editornote}% 
 \begingroup 
  \def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}% 
  \xdef\@thefnmark{\theeditornote}% 
 \endgroup 
 \@footnotemark\@footnotetext{NOTE TO EDITOR: #1}% 
}% 
\renewcommand\section{% 
 \@startsection{section}{1}% 
  {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% 
}% 
\def\thesection{\@arabic{\c@section}}% 
\def\clear@section@page{}% 
\renewcommand\subsection{% 
 \@startsection{subsection}{2}% 
  {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% 
}% 
\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic{\c@subsection}}% 
\renewcommand\subsubsection{% 
 \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% 
  {\z@}{5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\itshape}% 
}% 
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsection}}% 
\newcommand\subsubsubsection{% 
 \@startsection{subsubsection}{4}% 
  {\z@}{-15\p@\@plus-5\p@\@minus-2\p@}{5\p@}{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}% 
}% 
\def\thesubsubsubsection{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsubsection}}% 
\def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@paragraph}}% 
\newcommand\acknowledgments{\vskip 3ex\@plus.8ex\@minus.4ex}% 
\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments 
\renewcommand\appendix{% 
 \par 
 \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi 
 \setcounter{section}{\z@}% 
 \setcounter{subsection}{\z@}% 
 \setcounter{equation}{\z@}% 
 \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}% 
 \def\theequation{% 
 %\hbox{\normalsize\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}% 
  \thesection\arabic{equation}% 
 }% 
 \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% 
 \appendix@figtab@defs 
 \def\section{% 
  \@startsection 
   {section}{1}{\z@}% 
   {5ex\@plus.5ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% 
   }% 
}% 
\let\appendix@figtab@defs\@empty 
\def\appendix@figtab@defs@pptt{}% 
\newcounter{cureqno}% 
\newenvironment{mathletters}{% 
 \refstepcounter{equation}% 
 \setcounter{cureqno}{\value{equation}}% 
 \let\@curtheeqn\theequation 
 \edef\@tempa{\theequation}% 
 \expandafter\def 
 \expandafter\theequation 
 \expandafter{\@tempa\alph{equation}}% 
 \setcounter{equation}{0}% 
}{% 
 \let\theequation\@curtheeqn 
 \setcounter{equation}{\value{cureqno}}% 
}% 
\newcommand\eqnum[1]{% 
 \def\theequation{#1}% 
 \let\@currentlabel\theequation 
 \addtocounter{equation}{\m@ne}% 
}% 
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{% 
 \clear@thebibliography@page 
 \subsection*{REFERENCES}% 
 \thebib@list 
 \def\refpar{\relax}% 
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}% 
 \sloppy 
 \clubpenalty4000 
 \widowpenalty4000 
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax 
}{% 
 \endlist 
 \revtex@pageid 
}% 
\def\clear@thebibliography@page{}% 
\def\thebib@list{% 
 \list{\null}{% 
  \leftmargin 3em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent-\leftmargin 
  \usecounter{enumi}% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\thebib@list@pptt{% 
 \list{\null}{% 
  \leftmargin 1.2em\labelwidth\z@\labelsep\z@\itemindent-\leftmargin 
  \usecounter{enumi}% 
 }% 
}% 
\newenvironment{references}{% 
 \clear@thebibliography@page 
 \subsection*{REFERENCES}% 
 \bgroup 
  \setlength\parindent\z@ 
  \setlength\parskip\itemsep 
  \let\refpar\references@refpar 
}{% 
  \refpar 
 \egroup 
 \revtex@pageid 
}% 
\def\references@refpar@mss{% 
 \par\setlength\hangindent{3em}\hangafter\@ne 
}% 
\def\references@refpar@pptt{% 
 \par\setlength\hangindent{1.2em}\hangafter\@ne 
}% 
\let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss 
\newcommand\reference{% 
 \@ifnextchar\bgroup{\@reference}{% 
  \@latexerr{Missing key on reference command}{% 
   Each reference command should have a key corresponding 
   to a \protect\markcite\space somewhere in the text 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@reference#1{\relax\refpar}% 
\newcommand\markcite[1]{\remove@command\markcite}% 
 \def\@biblabel#1{\relax}% 
 \def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}% 
\setcounter{topnumber}{7}% 
\newcommand\tablenotemark[1]{% 
 \rlap{$^{\mathrm #1}$}% 
}% 
\def\@tablenotetext#1#2{% 
 \vspace{.5ex}% 
 {\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2\par}% 
}% 
\def\@tablenotes#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace{4.5ex}\footnoterule\vspace{.5ex}% 
 {\footnotesize#1}% 
}% 
\def\@tablenotes@pptt#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace{3.2ex}\footnoterule\vspace{.4ex}% 
 {\footnotesize#1}% 
}% 
\AtBeginDocument{% 
 \let\tblnote@list\@empty 
}% 
\newcommand\tablenotetext[2]{% 
 \appgdef\tblnote@list{\@tablenotetext{#1}{#2}}% 
}% 
\def\spew@tblnotes{% 
 \@ifx@empty\tblnote@list{}{% 
  \@tablenotes{\tblnote@list}% 
  \global\let\tblnote@list\@empty 
 }% 
}% 
\prepdef\endtable{\spew@tblnotes}% 
\expandafter\prepdef\csname endtable*\endcsname{\spew@tblnotes}% 
\let\tableline=\hline 
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 2ex\noindent#1\ #2\par}% 
\newcommand\tablenum[1]{% 
 \def\thetable{#1}% 
 \let\@currentlabel\thetable 
 \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}% 
}% 
\newcommand\figurenum[1]{% 
 \def\thefigure{#1}% 
 \let\@currentlabel\thefigure 
 \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}% 
}% 
\newcommand\placetable{\@place@float{TABLE}}% 
\newcommand\placefigure{\@place@float{FIGURE}}% 
\newcommand\placeplate{\@place@float{PLATE}}% 
\def\@place@float#1#2{% 
 \vspace{0.5ex}% 
 \begin{center}EDITOR: PLACE #1 \ref{#2} HERE.\end{center}% 
 \vspace{0.5ex}% 
}% 
\newcommand\figcaption{\@testopt{\@xfigcaption}{}}% 
\def\@xfigcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{#2}}}% 
\newcommand\dummytable{\refstepcounter{table}}% 
\newbox\pt@box 
\newdimen\pt@width 
\newcount\pt@line 
\newcount\pt@column 
\newcount\pt@nlines 
\newcount\pt@ncol 
\newcount\pt@page 
\newcommand\colhead[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}\pt@addcol}% 
\newcommand\tabletypesize[1]{\def\pt@typesize{#1}}%AO-access to different type sizes in deluxetable 
\def\pt@typesize{}% 
\newcommand\tablecolumns[1]{% 
 \pt@column=#1\relax 
 \pt@ncol=#1\relax 
 \global\let\pt@addcol\@empty 
}% 
\newcommand\tablecaption[1]{\gdef\pt@caption{#1}}% 
\newcommand\tablehead[1]{% 
 \gdef\pt@head{% 
  \hline\hline 
  \relax\\[-1.7ex]% 
  #1\hskip\tabcolsep 
  \\[.7ex]% 
  \hline 
  \relax\\[-1.5ex]% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\tablehead@aj#1{% 
 \gdef\pt@head{% 
  #1\hskip\tabcolsep 
  \\[.7ex]% 
  \hline 
  \relax\\[-1.5ex]% 
 }% 
}% 
\newif\if@pt@rot 
\newcommand\rotate{\@pt@rottrue}% 
\newcommand\tabletail[1]{\gdef\pt@tail{#1}}% 
\newcommand\tablewidth[1]{\pt@width=#1\relax}% 
\newcommand\tableheadfrac[1]{\gdef\pt@headfrac{#1}}% 
\AtBeginDocument{% 
 \let\pt@caption\@empty 
 \let\pt@head\@empty 
 \let\pt@tail\@empty 
 \pt@width\textwidth 
 \def\pt@headfrac{.1}% 
}% 
\def\pt@calcnlines{% 
 \begingroup 
  \if@pt@rot\textheight\textwidth\fi 
  \pt@typesize%AO-type sizes in deluxetable 
  \@tempdima\pt@headfrac\textheight 
  \@tempdimb\textheight\advance\@tempdimb by-\@tempdima 
  \@tempdima\arraystretch\baselineskip 
  \divide\@tempdimb by\@tempdima 
  \global\pt@nlines\@tempdimb 
 \endgroup 
}% 
\def\pt@tabacol{% 
 \edef\@preamble{\@preamble\hskip\tabcolsep\tabskip\fill}% 
}% 
\newdimen\pt@tmpcapwidth 
\long\def\@makecaption@plano#1#2{% 
 \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% 
  \pt@tmpcapwidth\pt@width 
 }{% 
  \pt@tmpcapwidth\textwidth 
 }% 
 \center 
  \parbox{\pt@tmpcapwidth}{% 
   \@make@caption@text{#1}{#2}% 
  }% 
 \endcenter 
}% 
\def\fnum@ptable{Table \thetable}% 
\def\fnum@ptablecont{Table \thetable---{\rmfamily Continued}}% 
\long\def\@make@caption@text#1#2{% 
 \center\rmfamily#1.\quad#2\endcenter 
}% 
\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont#1#2{% 
 \center\rmfamily#1\endcenter 
 \vskip 2.5ex 
}% 
\def\fnum@ptablecont@pptt{Table \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% 
\long\def\@make@caption@text@pptt#1#2{% 
 \center\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter 
}% 
\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@pptt#1#2{% 
 \center\sc#1\endcenter 
 \vskip 1.5ex 
}% 
\def\fnum@ptable@apj{TABLE \thetable}% 
\def\fnum@ptablecont@apj{TABLE \thetable---{\itshape Continued}}% 
\long\def\@make@caption@text@apj#1#2{% 
 \center\Large\sc#1\\[.5ex]#2\endcenter 
}% 
\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@apj#1#2{% 
 \center\Large\sc#1\endcenter 
 \vskip 1.5ex 
}% 
\def\fnum@ptable@aj{Table \thetable.}% 
\def\fnum@ptablecont@aj{Table \thetable.\space{\rmfamily (continued)}}% 
\long\def\@make@caption@text@aj#1#2{% 
 \center\large{\sc#1}\space#2\endcenter 
}% 
\long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont@aj#1#2{% 
 \center\large{\sc#1}\endcenter 
 \vskip 1.5ex 
}% 
\newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{% 
 \def\pt@format{\string#1}% 
 \let\@acol\pt@tabacol 
 \let\@tabularcr\@ptabularcr 
 \let\@tablenotetext\@ptablenotetext 
 \let\@tablenotes\@ptablenotes 
 \global\pt@ncol\z@ 
 \global\pt@column\z@ 
 \global\pt@page\@ne 
 \gdef\pt@addcol{\global\advance\pt@ncol\@ne}% 
}{% 
 \spew@tblnotes 
 \typeout@deluxetable 
 \endcenter 
 \end@plano@float 
}% 
\let@environment{planotable}{deluxetable}% 
\def\@plano@float{% Invoked by \startdata 
 \begingroup 
  \if@pt@rot\columnwidth\textheight\fi %AO-deluxetable \rotate 
  \@plano@float@{table}% 
}% 
\def\end@plano@float{% S/B invoked by \enddata; instead by \enddeluxetable 
  \end@plano@float@ 
 \endgroup 
}% 
\def\@plano@float@{\@float}%AO-extra layer of abstraction for float processing 
\def\end@plano@float@{\end@float}% 
\appdef\@endfloatbox{% 
 \if@pt@rot\global\setbox\@currbox\vbox{\rotatebox{90}{\box\@currbox}}\fi 
}% 
\def\typeout@deluxetable@mss{% 
 \typeout{% 
  Table \thetable\space has been set to width \the\pt@width 
 }% 
}% 
\def\typeout@deluxetable@ppt{% 
 \typeout{% 
  Page  \the\pt@page \space of table \thetable\space has been set to 
  width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page 
 }% 
}% 
\let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@mss 
\newcommand\startdata{% 
 \pt@calcnlines 
 \@ifdim{\pt@width>\z@}{% 
  \def\@halignto{\@to\pt@width}% 
 }{% 
  \def\@halignto{}% 
 }% 
 \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptable 
 \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano 
 \global\pt@line\z@ 
 \start@pt@tabular 
 \after@startdata 
}% 
\def\start@pt@tabular{% 
 \@plano@float 
 \center 
 \expandafter\caption\expandafter{\pt@caption}% 
 \pt@typesize%AO-type sizes in deluxetable 
 \expandafter\@tabular\expandafter{\pt@format}% 
}% 
\def\set@pt@box#1{\setbox\pt@box}% 
\def\after@startdata{\pt@head}% 
\def\after@startdata@aj{\hline\hline\relax\\[-1.7ex]\pt@head}% 
\def\enddata{% 
 \crcr 
 \noalign{\vskip .7ex}% 
 \before@enddata 
 \endtabular 
 \setbox\pt@box\lastbox 
 \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box 
}% 
\def\before@enddata{\hline}% 
\def\before@enddata@aj{\hline\hline}% 
\def\nl{\substitute@command\nl\\}% 
\def\nextline{\substitute@command\nextline\\}% 
\def\@ptabularcr{% 
 {\ifnum0=`}\fi % A klootch just in case the next token is & or \cr 
 \@ifstar{% 
  \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\@empty}\z@skip 
 }{% 
  \@testopt{\@argptabularcr\ptable@@split}\z@skip 
 }% 
}% 
\def\@argptabularcr#1[#2]{% 
 \ifnum0=`{\fi}% To undo the effect of the klootch. 
 \@ifdim{#2>\z@}{% 
  \unskip\@xargarraycr{#2}% 
 }{% 
  \@yargarraycr{#2}% 
 }\ptable@split#1% 
}% 
\def\ptable@split#1{% 
 \noalign{% 
  \global\advance\pt@line\@ne 
  \@ifnum{\pt@line<\pt@nlines}{}{% 
   \aftergroup#1% 
  }% 
 }% 
}% 
\def\ptable@@split{% 
  \before@suspendpt 
  \endtabular 
  \setbox\pt@box\lastbox 
  \pt@width\wd\pt@box\box\pt@box 
  \typeout@pt@nl 
  \global\advance\pt@page\@ne 
  \endcenter 
  \end@plano@float 
  \clearpage 
  \addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}% 
  \let\fnum@table=\fnum@ptablecont 
  \let\@makecaption\@makecaption@plano@cont 
  \global\pt@ncol=\pt@column%  Either 0 or value of \tablecolumns 
  \global\pt@line\z@ 
  \start@pt@tabular 
  \before@resumept 
  \pt@head 
}% 
\def\before@suspendpt{}% 
\def\before@resumept{}% 
\def\before@suspendpt@aj{\@tabularcr\noalign{\vskip .7ex}\hline}% 
\def\before@resumept@aj{\hline\relax\@tabularcr[-1.7ex]}% 
\def\typeout@pt@nl@ppt{% 
 \typeout{% 
  Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to 
  width \the\pt@width 
 }% 
}% 
\def\typeout@pt@nl@mss{% 
 \typeout{% 
  Page \the\pt@page\space of table \thetable\space has been set to 
  width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page 
 }% 
}% 
\def\typeout@pt@nl@aj{% 
 \typeout{% 
  Table \thetable\space has been set to 
  width \the\pt@width\space with \the\pt@nlines\space lines per page 
 }% 
}% 
\let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss 
\newcommand\tablevspace[1]{\substitute@command\tablevspace\\[#1]}% 
\newcommand\tablebreak{\substitute@command\tablebreak\\}%{\cr\ptable@@split}% 
\newcommand\cutinhead[1]{% 
 \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% 
 \hline 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip -4ex}% 
 \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% 
 \hline 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% 
}% 
\def\cutinhead@ppt#1{% 
 \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% 
 \hline 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% Style Note: in apj, it is -1.5ex 
 \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}% 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip .8ex}% 
 \hline 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% 
}% 
\newcommand\sidehead[1]{% 
 \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}% 
 \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}% 
 \@ptabularcr 
 \noalign{\vskip .5ex}% 
}% 
\def\@ptablenotetext#1#2{% 
 \vspace{0ex}% Style Note: in ppt, it is gone 
 {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em$^{\mathrm#1}$#2}\par}% 
}% 
\def\@ptablenotes#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace{2ex}% 
 {\setlength\parskip{1.5ex}#1}% 
}% 
\def\@ptablenotes@apj#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace{2ex}% 
 {#1}% 
}% 
\newcommand\tablerefs[1]{\appgdef\tblnote@list{\@tableref{#1}}}% 
\def\@tableref#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace*{3ex}% 
 {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rmfamily References. --- #1}\par}% 
}% 
\newcommand\tablecomments[1]{\appgdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{#1}}}% 
\def\@tablecom#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace*{3ex}% 
 {\parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em\rmfamily Note. --- #1}\par}% 
}% 
\def\@tableref@pptt#1{% 
 \par 
 \vspace*{3ex}{% 
 \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em{\sc References.---}#1}\par}% 
}% 
\def\@tablecom@pptt#1{% 
 \vspace*{3ex}{% 
 \parbox{\pt@width}{\hskip1em{\sc Note.---}#1}\par}% 
}% 
\newcounter{plate}% 
\def\ftype@plate{4}% 
\def\ext@plate{lof}% 
\newenvironment{plate}{\@float{plate}}{\end@float}% 
\newenvironment{plate*}{\@dblfloat{plate}}{\end@dblfloat}% 
\let\platewidth=\tablewidth 
\newcommand\platenum[1]{% 
 \def\theplate{#1}% 
 \let\@currentlabel\theplate 
 \addtocounter{plate}{\m@ne}% 
}% 
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}% 
\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}% 
\def\theplate{\@arabic\c@plate}% 
\def\fnum@figure{{\rmfamily Fig.\space\thefigure.---}}% 
\def\fnum@table{{\rmfamily Table \thetable:}}% 
\def\fnum@plate{{\bfseries Plate \theplate.}}% 
\def\fps@figure{bp}% 
\def\fps@table{bp}% 
\def\fps@plate{bp}% 
\def\eps@scaling{1.0}% 
\newcommand\epsscale[1]{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}}% 
\newcommand\plotone[1]{% 
 \centering 
 \leavevmode 
 \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% 
}% 
\newcommand\plottwo[2]{% 
 \centering 
 \leavevmode 
 \columnwidth=.45\columnwidth 
 \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#1}% 
 \hfil 
 \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\columnwidth}]{#2}% 
}% 
\newcommand\plotfiddle[7]{% 
 \centering 
 \leavevmode 
 \vbox\@to#2{\rule{\z@}{#2}}% 
 \includegraphics[% 
  scale=#4, 
  angle=#3, 
  origin=c 
 ]{#1}% 
}% 
\let\jnl@style=\rmfamily 
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}% 
\newcommand\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}% 
          % Astronomical Journal 
\newcommand\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}% 
          % Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys 
\newcommand\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% 
          % Astrophysical Journal 
\newcommand\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% 
          % Astrophysical Journal, Letters 
\newcommand\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}% 
          % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement 
\newcommand\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}% 
          % Applied Optics 
\newcommand\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}% 
          % Astrophysics and Space Science 
\newcommand\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}% 
          % Astronomy and Astrophysics 
\newcommand\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}% 
          % Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews 
\newcommand\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}% 
          % Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement 
\newcommand\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}% 
          % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal 
\newcommand\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}% 
          % Bulletin of the AAS 
\newcommand\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}% 
          % Journal of the RAS of Canada 
\newcommand\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}% 
          % Memoirs of the RAS 
\newcommand\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}% 
          % Monthly Notices of the RAS 
\newcommand\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}% 
          % Physical Review A: General Physics 
\newcommand\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}% 
          % Physical Review B: Solid State 
\newcommand\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}% 
          % Physical Review C 
\newcommand\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}% 
          % Physical Review D 
\newcommand\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}% 
          % Physical Review E 
\newcommand\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}% 
          % Physical Review Letters 
\newcommand\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}% 
          % Publications of the ASP 
\newcommand\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}% 
          % Publications of the ASJ 
\newcommand\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}% 
          % Quarterly Journal of the RAS 
\newcommand\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}% 
          % Sky and Telescope 
\newcommand\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}% 
          % Solar Physics 
\newcommand\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}% 
          % Soviet Astronomy 
\newcommand\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}% 
          % Space Science Reviews 
\newcommand\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}% 
          % Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik 
\newcommand\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}% 
          % Nature 
\newcommand\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}% 
          % IAU Cirulars 
\newcommand\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}% 
          % Astrophysics Letters 
\newcommand\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}% 
          % Astrophysics Space Physics Research 
\newcommand\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}% 
          % Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands 
\newcommand\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}% 
          % Fundamental Cosmic Physics 
\newcommand\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}% 
          % Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 
\newcommand\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}% 
          % Geophysics Research Letters 
\newcommand\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}% 
          % Journal of Chemical Physics 
\newcommand\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}% 
          % Journal of Geophysics Research 
\newcommand\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}% 
          % Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer 
\newcommand\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}% 
          % Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana 
\newcommand\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}% 
          % Nuclear Physics A 
\newcommand\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}% 
          % Physics Reports 
\newcommand\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}% 
          % Physica Scripta 
\newcommand\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}% 
          % Planetary Space Science 
\newcommand\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}% 
          % Proceedings of the SPIE 
\let\astap=\aap 
\let\apjlett=\apjl 
\let\apjsupp=\apjs 
\let\applopt=\ao 
\newcommand\phn{\phantom{0}}% 
\newcommand\phd{\phantom{.}}% 
\newcommand\phs{\phantom{$-$}}% 
\newcommand\phm[1]{\phantom{#1}}% 
\let\la=\lesssim            % For Springer A&A compliance... 
\let\ga=\gtrsim 
\newcommand\sq{\mbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}% 
\newcommand\arcdeg{\mbox{$^\circ$}}% 
\newcommand\arcmin{\mbox{$^\prime$}}% 
\newcommand\arcsec{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}% 
\newcommand\fd{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm d}$}}% 
\newcommand\fh{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm h}$}}% 
\newcommand\fm{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm m}$}}% 
\newcommand\fs{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm s}$}}% 
\newcommand\fdg{\mbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}% 
\newcommand\farcm@mss{\mbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}% 
\let\farcm\farcm@mss 
\newcommand\farcs@mss{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}% 
\let\farcs\farcs@mss 
\newcommand\fp{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm p}$}}% 
\newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}}% 
\def\farcm@apj{% 
 \mbox{.\kern -0.7ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime$}}% 
}% 
\def\farcs@apj{% 
 \mbox{% 
  \kern  0.13ex.% 
  \kern -0.95ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime\prime$}% 
  \kern -0.1ex% 
 }% 
}% 
\newcommand\case[2]{\mbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}% 
\newcommand\slantfrac{\case}% 
\newcommand\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}% 
\newcommand\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}% 
\newcommand\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}% 
\newcommand\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}% 
\newcommand\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}% 
\newcommand\ubvr{\mbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}%% UBVR system 
\newcommand\ub{\mbox{$U\!-\!B$}}%   % U-B 
\newcommand\bv{\mbox{$B\!-\!V$}}%   % B-V 
\newcommand\vr{\mbox{$V\!-\!R$}}%   % V-R 
\newcommand\ur{\mbox{$U\!-\!R$}}%   % U-R 
\newcommand\ion[2]{#1$\;${\small\rmfamily\@Roman{#2}}\relax}% 
\newcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }% 
\newcommand\diameter{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}% 
\newcommand\degr{\arcdeg}% 
\newcommand\Sun{\sun}% 
\newcommand\Sol{\sun}% 
\newcommand\sun{\odot}% 
\newcommand\Mercury{\astro{\char1}}% Mercury symbol, "1" 
\newcommand\Venus{\astro{\char2}}% Venus symbol, "2" 
\newcommand\Earth{\earth}% 
\newcommand\Terra{\earth}% 
\newcommand\earth{\oplus}% 
\newcommand\Mars{\astro{\char4}}% Mars symbol, "4" 
\newcommand\Jupiter{\astro{\char5}}% Jupiter symbol, "5" 
\newcommand\Saturn{\astro{\char6}}% Saturn symbol, "6" 
\newcommand\Uranus{\astro{\char7}}% Uranus symbol, "7" 
\newcommand\Neptune{\astro{\char8}}% Neptune symbol, "8" 
\newcommand\Pluto{\astro{\char9}}% Pluo symbol, "9" 
\newcommand\Moon{\astro{\char10}}% Moon symbol, "M" 
\newcommand\Luna{\Moon}% 
\newcommand\Aries{\astro{\char11}}% 
\newcommand\VEq{\Aries}% vernal equinox (Aries) 
\newcommand\Taurus{\astro{\char12}}% 
\newcommand\Gemini{\astro{\char13}}% 
\newcommand\Cancer{\astro{\char14}}% 
\newcommand\Leo{\astro{\char15}}% 
\newcommand\Virgo{\astro{\char16}}% 
\newcommand\Libra{\astro{\char17}}% 
\newcommand\AEq{\Libra}% autumnal equinox (Libra) 
\newcommand\Scorpius{\astro{\char18}}% 
\newcommand\Sagittarius{\astro{\char19}}% 
\newcommand\Capricornus{\astro{\char20}}% 
\newcommand\Aquarius{\astro{\char21}}% 
\newcommand\Pisces{\astro{\char22}}% 
\def\load@astro{% 
 \dimen@=1\aas@ptsize\p@ 
 \font\astro@font=Astrosym at\dimen@ 
}% 
\def\astro#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\astro@font#1}}% 
\def\astro@font{% 
 \ClassWarning{aastex}{% 
  Please use class option `astro', since you are using the astro font.% 
 }% 
}% 
\newcommand\sbond{\chem@bnd{\@sbnd}}% 
\newcommand\dbond{\chem@bnd{\@dbnd}}% 
\newcommand\tbond{\chem@bnd{\@tbnd}}% 
\def\chem@bnd#1{% 
 {% 
  \kern.1em\relax 
  \setbox\z@\hbox{M}% 
  \dimen@ii.8em\relax 
  \p@=.1em\relax 
  \dimen@.5\ht\z@\dimen@i-\dimen@ 
  \advance\dimen@1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i-1.0\p@ 
  #1% 
  \kern.1em\relax 
  }% 
 }% 
\def\@sbnd{% 
 \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 }% 
\def\@dbnd{% 
 \advance\dimen@-0.5\p@\advance\dimen@i0.5\p@ 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ 
 \hskip-\dimen@ii 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 }% 
\def\@tbnd{% 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ 
 \hskip-\dimen@ii 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 \advance\dimen@-1.5\p@\advance\dimen@i1.5\p@ 
 \hskip-\dimen@ii 
 \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak 
 }% 
\renewcommand\LaTeX{% 
 \leavevmode 
 L% 
 \raise.42ex\hbox{% 
  \count@=\the\fam 
  $\fam\count@\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$% 
 }% 
 \kern-.15em\TeX 
}% 
\newcommand\anchor[2]{#2}% 
\newcommand\url{\@dblarg\@url}% 
\def\@url[#1]{\anchor{#1}}% 
\def\@text@email#1{#1}% 
\def\authoremail{\substitute@command\authoremail\email}% 
\newcommand\objectname{\@testopt\@objectname{[]}}% 
\def\@objectname[#1]#2{#2}% 
\newcommand\sizrpt{% 
 (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font 
 \typeout{% 
  (\fontname\the\font): em=\the\fontdimen6\font, ex=\the\fontdimen5\font 
 }% 
}% 
\def\aas@preprint{% 
 \def\revtex@genre{preprint}% 
 \let\ptlandscape\@empty 
 \setlength\@slugcmmntwidth{.67\textwidth}% 
 \let\@makeslugcmmnt\@makeslugcmmnt@ppt 
 \let\@abstract\@abstract@ppt 
 \let\make@title\make@title@ppt 
 \let\make@affil\make@affil@pptt 
 \let\notetoeditor\@gobble 
 \let\clear@section@page\@empty 
 \let\placetable\@gobble 
 \let\placefigure\@gobble 
 \let\placeplate\@gobble 
 \let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@ppt 
 \let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss 
 \ps@plaintop 
 \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss 
 \let\cutinhead\cutinhead@ppt 
}% 
\@namedef{aas@preprint2}{% 
 \aas@preprint 
 \def\revtex@genre{2-column preprint}% 
 \ps@plain 
 \@twocolumntrue 
 \setlength\parindent{1.2em}% 
 \setlength\parskip{0.5ex}% 
 \setlength\columnsep{0.5in}% 
 \setlength\hoffset{-0.2in}% 
 \tolerance=600 
 \setlength\emergencystretch{6\p@}% 
 \def\baselinestretch{1.0}% 
 \def\@tightleading{1.0}% 
 \let\singlespace\@empty 
 \let\doublespace\@empty 
 \let\@dates\@dates@pptt 
 \let\@abstract\@abstract@pptt 
 \let\make@title\make@title@pptt 
 \let\make@author\make@author@pptt 
 \let\@keywords\@keywords@pptt 
 \setlength{\skip\footins}{3ex\@plus1ex\@minus.5ex}% 
 \setlength\footnotesep{2ex}% 
 \let\@makefntext\@makefntext@pptt 
 \let\section\section@pptt 
 \let\subsection\subsection@pptt 
 \let\subsubsection\subsubsection@pptt 
 \let\section@centering\@empty 
 \let\appendix@figtab@defs\appendix@figtab@defs@pptt 
 \def\clear@thebibliography@page{% 
  \if@restonecol\if@twocolumn\else\twocolumn\fi\fi 
 }% 
 \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@pptt 
 \let\thebib@list\thebib@list@pptt 
 \let\@tablenotes\@tablenotes@pptt 
 \let\fnum@ptablecont\fnum@ptablecont@pptt 
 \let\@make@caption@text\@make@caption@text@pptt 
 \let\@makecaption@plano@cont\@makecaption@plano@cont@pptt 
 \let\cutinhead\cutinhead@ppt 
 \def\@plano@float@{\@dblfloat}%AO-extra layer of abstraction for float processing 
 \def\end@plano@float@{\end@dblfloat}% 
 \let\@tableref\@tableref@pptt 
 \let\@tablecom\@tablecom@pptt 
}% 
\def\section@pptt{% 
 \@startsection{section}{1}% 
  {\z@}{2.3ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}% 
  {1.5ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% 
}% 
\def\subsection@pptt{% 
 \@startsection{subsection}{2}% 
  {\z@}{2ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\bfseries}% 
}% 
\def\subsubsection@pptt{% 
 \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% 
  {\z@}{2ex\@plus1ex\@minus.2ex}{1ex\@plus.2ex}{\normalsize\itshape}% 
}% 
\def\aas@manuscript{% 
 \def\revtex@genre{manuscript}% 
 \let\ptlandscape\@empty 
 \def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}% 
 \let\footnote@size\@empty 
 \def\tighten{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}}% 
 \def\singlespace{}% 
 \def\doublespace{}% 
 \opt@tighten 
 \setlength\@slugcmmntwidth{\textwidth}% 
 \let\@makeslugcmmnt\@makeslugcmmnt@mss 
 \@rightskip=\z@\@plus4em 
 \rightskip\@rightskip 
 \opt@just 
 \let\sluginfo\sluginfo@mss 
 \let\@abstract\@abstract@mss 
 \let\make@title\make@title@mss 
 \def\clear@section@page{\clearpage}% 
 \def\clear@thebibliography@page{\clearpage}% 
%\let\footnotesize=\normalsize%AO restore access to this command 
 \let\typeout@deluxetable\typeout@deluxetable@mss 
 \let\typeout@pt@nl\typeout@pt@nl@mss 
 \ps@plaintop 
 \let\references@refpar\references@refpar@mss 
}% 
\def\journal{\@gobble}% 
\def\volume{\@gobble}% 
\def\issue{\@gobble}% 
\def\SGMLbi#1{#1}% 
\def\SGMLbsc#1{#1}% 
\def\SGMLclc#1{#1}% 
\def\SGMLentity#1{\&#1;}% 
\def\SGML{\@gobble}% 
\endinput 
%% 
%% End of file `aastex.cls'. 
 
