/*
 * Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package io.netty.handler.codec.haproxy;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.handler.codec.haproxy.HAProxyProxiedProtocol.AddressFamily;
import io.netty.util.ByteProcessor;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import io.netty.util.NetUtil;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Message container for decoded HAProxy proxy protocol parameters
 */
public final class HAProxyMessage {

    /**
     * Version 1 proxy protocol message for 'UNKNOWN' proxied protocols. Per spec, when the proxied protocol is
     * 'UNKNOWN' we must discard all other header values.
     */
    private static final HAProxyMessage V1_UNKNOWN_MSG = new HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion.V1, HAProxyCommand.PROXY, HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN, null, null, 0, 0);

    /**
     * Version 2 proxy protocol message for 'UNKNOWN' proxied protocols. Per spec, when the proxied protocol is
     * 'UNKNOWN' we must discard all other header values.
     */
    private static final HAProxyMessage V2_UNKNOWN_MSG = new HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion.V2, HAProxyCommand.PROXY, HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN, null, null, 0, 0);

    /**
     * Version 2 proxy protocol message for local requests. Per spec, we should use an unspecified protocol and family
     * for 'LOCAL' commands. Per spec, when the proxied protocol is 'UNKNOWN' we must discard all other header values.
     */
    private static final HAProxyMessage V2_LOCAL_MSG = new HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion.V2, HAProxyCommand.LOCAL, HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN, null, null, 0, 0);

    private final HAProxyProtocolVersion protocolVersion;
    private final HAProxyCommand command;
    private final HAProxyProxiedProtocol proxiedProtocol;
    private final String sourceAddress;
    private final String destinationAddress;
    private final int sourcePort;
    private final int destinationPort;
    private final List<HAProxyTLV> tlvs;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance
     */
    private HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion protocolVersion, HAProxyCommand command, HAProxyProxiedProtocol proxiedProtocol,
            String sourceAddress, String destinationAddress, String sourcePort, String destinationPort) {
        this(
                protocolVersion, command, proxiedProtocol,
                sourceAddress, destinationAddress, portStringToInt(sourcePort), portStringToInt(destinationPort));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance
     */
    private HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion protocolVersion, HAProxyCommand command, HAProxyProxiedProtocol proxiedProtocol,
            String sourceAddress, String destinationAddress, int sourcePort, int destinationPort) {

        this(protocolVersion, command, proxiedProtocol,
             sourceAddress, destinationAddress, sourcePort, destinationPort, Collections.<HAProxyTLV>emptyList());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance
     */
    private HAProxyMessage(
            HAProxyProtocolVersion protocolVersion, HAProxyCommand command, HAProxyProxiedProtocol proxiedProtocol,
            String sourceAddress, String destinationAddress, int sourcePort, int destinationPort,
            List<HAProxyTLV> tlvs) {

        if (proxiedProtocol == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("proxiedProtocol");
        }
        AddressFamily addrFamily = proxiedProtocol.addressFamily();

        checkAddress(sourceAddress, addrFamily);
        checkAddress(destinationAddress, addrFamily);
        checkPort(sourcePort);
        checkPort(destinationPort);

        this.protocolVersion = protocolVersion;
        this.command = command;
        this.proxiedProtocol = proxiedProtocol;
        this.sourceAddress = sourceAddress;
        this.destinationAddress = destinationAddress;
        this.sourcePort = sourcePort;
        this.destinationPort = destinationPort;
        this.tlvs = Collections.unmodifiableList(tlvs);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a version 2, binary proxy protocol header.
     *
     * @param header                     a version 2 proxy protocol header
     * @return                           {@link HAProxyMessage} instance
     * @throws HAProxyProtocolException  if any portion of the header is invalid
     */
    static HAProxyMessage decodeHeader(ByteBuf header) {
        if (header == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("header");
        }

        if (header.readableBytes() < 16) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                    "incomplete header: " + header.readableBytes() + " bytes (expected: 16+ bytes)");
        }

        // Per spec, the 13th byte is the protocol version and command byte
        header.skipBytes(12);
        final byte verCmdByte = header.readByte();

        HAProxyProtocolVersion ver;
        try {
            ver = HAProxyProtocolVersion.valueOf(verCmdByte);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(e);
        }

        if (ver != HAProxyProtocolVersion.V2) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("version 1 unsupported: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(verCmdByte));
        }

        HAProxyCommand cmd;
        try {
            cmd = HAProxyCommand.valueOf(verCmdByte);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(e);
        }

        if (cmd == HAProxyCommand.LOCAL) {
            return V2_LOCAL_MSG;
        }

        // Per spec, the 14th byte is the protocol and address family byte
        HAProxyProxiedProtocol protAndFam;
        try {
            protAndFam = HAProxyProxiedProtocol.valueOf(header.readByte());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(e);
        }

        if (protAndFam == HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN) {
            return V2_UNKNOWN_MSG;
        }

        int addressInfoLen = header.readUnsignedShort();

        String srcAddress;
        String dstAddress;
        int addressLen;
        int srcPort = 0;
        int dstPort = 0;

        AddressFamily addressFamily = protAndFam.addressFamily();

        if (addressFamily == AddressFamily.AF_UNIX) {
            // unix sockets require 216 bytes for address information
            if (addressInfoLen < 216 || header.readableBytes() < 216) {
                throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                    "incomplete UNIX socket address information: " +
                            Math.min(addressInfoLen, header.readableBytes()) + " bytes (expected: 216+ bytes)");
            }
            int startIdx = header.readerIndex();
            int addressEnd = header.forEachByte(startIdx, 108, ByteProcessor.FIND_NUL);
            if (addressEnd == -1) {
                addressLen = 108;
            } else {
                addressLen = addressEnd - startIdx;
            }
            srcAddress = header.toString(startIdx, addressLen, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII);

            startIdx += 108;

            addressEnd = header.forEachByte(startIdx, 108, ByteProcessor.FIND_NUL);
            if (addressEnd == -1) {
                addressLen = 108;
            } else {
                addressLen = addressEnd - startIdx;
            }
            dstAddress = header.toString(startIdx, addressLen, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII);
            // AF_UNIX defines that exactly 108 bytes are reserved for the address. The previous methods
            // did not increase the reader index although we already consumed the information.
            header.readerIndex(startIdx + 108);
        } else {
            if (addressFamily == AddressFamily.AF_IPv4) {
                // IPv4 requires 12 bytes for address information
                if (addressInfoLen < 12 || header.readableBytes() < 12) {
                    throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                        "incomplete IPv4 address information: " +
                                Math.min(addressInfoLen, header.readableBytes()) + " bytes (expected: 12+ bytes)");
                }
                addressLen = 4;
            } else if (addressFamily == AddressFamily.AF_IPv6) {
                // IPv6 requires 36 bytes for address information
                if (addressInfoLen < 36 || header.readableBytes() < 36) {
                    throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                        "incomplete IPv6 address information: " +
                                Math.min(addressInfoLen, header.readableBytes()) + " bytes (expected: 36+ bytes)");
                }
                addressLen = 16;
            } else {
                throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                    "unable to parse address information (unknown address family: " + addressFamily + ')');
            }

            // Per spec, the src address begins at the 17th byte
            srcAddress = ipBytesToString(header, addressLen);
            dstAddress = ipBytesToString(header, addressLen);
            srcPort = header.readUnsignedShort();
            dstPort = header.readUnsignedShort();
        }

        final List<HAProxyTLV> tlvs = readTlvs(header);

        return new HAProxyMessage(ver, cmd, protAndFam, srcAddress, dstAddress, srcPort, dstPort, tlvs);
    }

    private static List<HAProxyTLV> readTlvs(final ByteBuf header) {
        HAProxyTLV haProxyTLV = readNextTLV(header);
        if (haProxyTLV == null) {
            return Collections.emptyList();
        }
        // In most cases there are less than 4 TLVs available
        List<HAProxyTLV> haProxyTLVs = new ArrayList<HAProxyTLV>(4);

        do {
            haProxyTLVs.add(haProxyTLV);
            if (haProxyTLV instanceof HAProxySSLTLV) {
                haProxyTLVs.addAll(((HAProxySSLTLV) haProxyTLV).encapsulatedTLVs());
            }
        } while ((haProxyTLV = readNextTLV(header)) != null);
        return haProxyTLVs;
    }

    private static HAProxyTLV readNextTLV(final ByteBuf header) {

        // We need at least 4 bytes for a TLV
        if (header.readableBytes() < 4) {
            return null;
        }

        final byte typeAsByte = header.readByte();
        final HAProxyTLV.Type type = HAProxyTLV.Type.typeForByteValue(typeAsByte);

        final int length = header.readUnsignedShort();
        switch (type) {
        case PP2_TYPE_SSL:
            final ByteBuf rawContent = header.retainedSlice(header.readerIndex(), length);
            final ByteBuf byteBuf = header.readSlice(length);
            final byte client = byteBuf.readByte();
            final int verify = byteBuf.readInt();

            if (byteBuf.readableBytes() >= 4) {

                final List<HAProxyTLV> encapsulatedTlvs = new ArrayList<HAProxyTLV>(4);
                do {
                    final HAProxyTLV haProxyTLV = readNextTLV(byteBuf);
                    if (haProxyTLV == null) {
                        break;
                    }
                    encapsulatedTlvs.add(haProxyTLV);
                } while (byteBuf.readableBytes() >= 4);

                return new HAProxySSLTLV(verify, client, encapsulatedTlvs, rawContent);
            }
            return new HAProxySSLTLV(verify, client, Collections.<HAProxyTLV>emptyList(), rawContent);
        // If we're not dealing with a SSL Type, we can use the same mechanism
        case PP2_TYPE_ALPN:
        case PP2_TYPE_AUTHORITY:
        case PP2_TYPE_SSL_VERSION:
        case PP2_TYPE_SSL_CN:
        case PP2_TYPE_NETNS:
        case OTHER:
            return new HAProxyTLV(type, typeAsByte, header.readRetainedSlice(length));
        default:
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a version 1, human-readable proxy protocol header.
     *
     * @param header                     a version 1 proxy protocol header
     * @return                           {@link HAProxyMessage} instance
     * @throws HAProxyProtocolException  if any portion of the header is invalid
     */
    static HAProxyMessage decodeHeader(String header) {
        if (header == null) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("header");
        }

        String[] parts = header.split(" ");
        int numParts = parts.length;

        if (numParts < 2) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(
                    "invalid header: " + header + " (expected: 'PROXY' and proxied protocol values)");
        }

        if (!"PROXY".equals(parts[0])) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("unknown identifier: " + parts[0]);
        }

        HAProxyProxiedProtocol protAndFam;
        try {
            protAndFam = HAProxyProxiedProtocol.valueOf(parts[1]);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException(e);
        }

        if (protAndFam != HAProxyProxiedProtocol.TCP4 &&
                protAndFam != HAProxyProxiedProtocol.TCP6 &&
                protAndFam != HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("unsupported v1 proxied protocol: " + parts[1]);
        }

        if (protAndFam == HAProxyProxiedProtocol.UNKNOWN) {
            return V1_UNKNOWN_MSG;
        }

        if (numParts != 6) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid TCP4/6 header: " + header + " (expected: 6 parts)");
        }

        return new HAProxyMessage(
                HAProxyProtocolVersion.V1, HAProxyCommand.PROXY,
                protAndFam, parts[2], parts[3], parts[4], parts[5]);
    }

    /**
     * Convert ip address bytes to string representation
     *
     * @param header     buffer containing ip address bytes
     * @param addressLen number of bytes to read (4 bytes for IPv4, 16 bytes for IPv6)
     * @return           string representation of the ip address
     */
    private static String ipBytesToString(ByteBuf header, int addressLen) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (addressLen == 4) {
            sb.append(header.readByte() & 0xff);
            sb.append('.');
            sb.append(header.readByte() & 0xff);
            sb.append('.');
            sb.append(header.readByte() & 0xff);
            sb.append('.');
            sb.append(header.readByte() & 0xff);
        } else {
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
            sb.append(':');
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(header.readUnsignedShort()));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Convert port to integer
     *
     * @param value                      the port
     * @return                           port as an integer
     * @throws HAProxyProtocolException  if port is not a valid integer
     */
    private static int portStringToInt(String value) {
        int port;
        try {
            port = Integer.parseInt(value);
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid port: " + value, e);
        }

        if (port <= 0 || port > 65535) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid port: " + value + " (expected: 1 ~ 65535)");
        }

        return port;
    }

    /**
     * Validate an address (IPv4, IPv6, Unix Socket)
     *
     * @param address                    human-readable address
     * @param addrFamily                 the {@link AddressFamily} to check the address against
     * @throws HAProxyProtocolException  if the address is invalid
     */
    private static void checkAddress(String address, AddressFamily addrFamily) {
        if (addrFamily == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("addrFamily");
        }

        switch (addrFamily) {
            case AF_UNSPEC:
                if (address != null) {
                    throw new HAProxyProtocolException("unable to validate an AF_UNSPEC address: " + address);
                }
                return;
            case AF_UNIX:
                return;
        }

        if (address == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("address");
        }

        switch (addrFamily) {
            case AF_IPv4:
                if (!NetUtil.isValidIpV4Address(address)) {
                    throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid IPv4 address: " + address);
                }
                break;
            case AF_IPv6:
                if (!NetUtil.isValidIpV6Address(address)) {
                    throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid IPv6 address: " + address);
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new Error();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validate a UDP/TCP port
     *
     * @param port                       the UDP/TCP port
     * @throws HAProxyProtocolException  if the port is out of range (0-65535 inclusive)
     */
    private static void checkPort(int port) {
        if (port < 0 || port > 65535) {
            throw new HAProxyProtocolException("invalid port: " + port + " (expected: 1 ~ 65535)");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link HAProxyProtocolVersion} of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public HAProxyProtocolVersion protocolVersion() {
        return protocolVersion;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link HAProxyCommand} of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public HAProxyCommand command() {
        return command;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link HAProxyProxiedProtocol} of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public HAProxyProxiedProtocol proxiedProtocol() {
        return proxiedProtocol;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the human-readable source address of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public String sourceAddress() {
        return sourceAddress;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the human-readable destination address of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public String destinationAddress() {
        return destinationAddress;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the UDP/TCP source port of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public int sourcePort() {
        return sourcePort;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the UDP/TCP destination port of this {@link HAProxyMessage}.
     */
    public int destinationPort() {
        return destinationPort;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of {@link HAProxyTLV} or an empty list if no TLVs are present.
     * <p>
     * TLVs are only available for the Proxy Protocol V2
     */
    public List<HAProxyTLV> tlvs() {
        return tlvs;
    }
}
