### DbEnv::txn_begin |

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###

    #include <db_cxx.h>

    int
    DbEnv::txn_begin(DbTxn *parent, DbTxn **tid, u_int32_t flags);

### Description: DbEnv::txn_begin

The DbEnv::txn_begin method creates a new transaction in the environment and copies a pointer to a DbTxn that uniquely identifies it into the memory to which tid refers. Calling the DbTxn::abort, DbTxn::commit or DbTxn::discard methods will discard the returned handle.

Note: Transactions may only span threads if they do so serially; that is, each transaction must be active in only a single thread of control at a time. This restriction holds for parents of nested transactions as well; not two children may be concurrently active in more than one thread of control at any one time.

Note: Cursors may not span transactions; that is, each cursor must be opened and closed within a single transaction.

Note: A parent transaction may not issue any Berkeley DB operations -- except for DbEnv::txn_begin, DbTxn::abort and DbTxn::commit -- while it has active child transactions (child transactions that have not yet been committed or aborted).

The DbEnv::txn_begin method either returns a non-zero error value or throws an exception that encapsulates a non-zero error value on failure, and returns 0 on success.

### Parameters

flags
  The flags parameter must be set to 0 or by bitwise inclusively OR'ing together one or more of the following values:
  DB_DEGREE_2
    This transaction will have degree 2 isolation. This provides for cursor stability but not repeatable reads. Data items which have been previously read by this transaction may be deleted or modified by other transactions before this transaction completes.
  DB_DIRTY_READ
    All read operations performed by the transaction may read modified but not yet committed data. Silently ignored if the DB_DIRTY_READ flag was not specified when the underlying database was opened.
  DB_TXN_NOSYNC
    Do not synchronously flush the log when this transaction commits or prepares. This means the transaction will exhibit the ACI (atomicity, consistency, and isolation) properties, but not D (durability); that is, database integrity will be maintained but it is possible that this transaction may be undone during recovery.

    This behavior may be set for a Berkeley DB environment using the DbEnv::set_flags method. Any value specified to this method overrides that setting.

  DB_TXN_NOWAIT
    If a lock is unavailable for any Berkeley DB operation performed in the context of this transaction, cause the operation to return DB_LOCK_DEADLOCK or throw a DbDeadlockException immediately instead of blocking on the lock.
  DB_TXN_SYNC
    Synchronously flush the log when this transaction commits or prepares. This means the transaction will exhibit all of the ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) properties.

    This behavior is the default for Berkeley DB environments unless the DB_TXN_NOSYNC flag was specified to the DbEnv::set_flags method. Any value specified to this method overrides that setting.

parent
  If the parent parameter is non-NULL, the new transaction will be a nested transaction, with the transaction indicated by parent as its parent. Transactions may be nested to any level. In the presence of distributed transactions and two-phase commit, only the parental transaction, that is a transaction without a parent specified, should be passed as an parameter to DbTxn::prepare.

### Errors

If the maximum number of concurrent transactions has been reached, the DbEnv::txn_begin method will fail and either return ENOMEM or throw a DbMemoryException.

### Class

DbEnv, DbTxn

### See Also

Transaction Subsystem and Related Methods`

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