[[test-cdi-other]]
= Test CDI Component
:docTitle: Test CDI
:artifactId: camel-test-cdi
:description: Camel unit testing with CDI
:since: 2.17
:supportLevel: Stable
include::{cq-version}@camel-quarkus:ROOT:partial$reference/others/test-cdi.adoc[opts=optional]

*Since Camel {since}*

http://camel.apache.org/testing.html[Testing] is a crucial part of any
development or integration work. In case you're using the Camel CDI
integration for your applications, you have a number of options to ease
testing.

You can use CDI for IoC and the Camel testing endpoints like
`DataSet`, `Mock`, `Test` and testing API like `AdviceWith`
and `NotifyBuilder` to create sophisticated integration/unit tests that
are easy to run and debug inside your IDE.

There are a number of supported approaches for testing with CDI in
Camel:

[width="100%",cols="1,1,4",options="header",]
|=======================================================================
|Name |Testing Frameworks Supported |Description
|<<CDITesting-CamelCDITest>>[Camel CDI Test] a|
* JUnit 4

 a|
The Camel CDI test module (`camel-test-cdi`) provides a JUnit runner
that bootstraps a test environment using CDI so that you don't have to
be familiar with any CDI testing frameworks and can concentrate on the
testing logic of your Camel CDI applications.

|<<CDITesting-Arquillian>>[Arquillian] a|
* JUnit 4
* TestNG 5

 |http://arquillian.org/[Arquillian] is a testing platform that handles
all the plumbing of in-container testing with support for a wide range
of http://arquillian.org/modules/[target containers]. Arquillian can be
configured to run your test classes in _embedded_ (in JVM CDI),
_managed_ (a real Web server or Java EE application server instance
started in a separate process) or _remote_ (the lifecycle of the
container isn't managed by Arquillian) modes. You have to create the
System Under Test (SUT) in your test classes using
http://arquillian.org/guides/shrinkwrap_introduction/[ShrinkWrap
descriptors]. The benefit is that you have a very fine-grained control
over the application configuration that you want to test. The downside
is more code and more complex _classpath_ / class loading structure.

|<<CDITesting-PAXExam>>[PAX Exam] a|
* JUnit 4
* TestNG 6

 |https://ops4j1.jira.com/wiki/display/PAXEXAM4[PAX Exam] lets you test
your Camel applications in OSGi, Java EE or standalone CDI containers
with the ability to finely configure your System Under Test (SUT),
similarly to Arquillian. You can use it to test your Camel CDI
applications that target OSGi environments like Karaf with
https://ops4j1.jira.com/wiki/display/PAXCDI/Pax+CDI[PAX CDI], but you
can use it as well to test your Camel CDI applications in standalone
https://ops4j1.jira.com/wiki/display/PAXEXAM4/CDI+Containers[CDI
containers],
https://ops4j1.jira.com/wiki/display/PAXEXAM4/Web+Containers[Web
containers] and
https://ops4j1.jira.com/wiki/display/PAXEXAM4/Java+EE+Containers[Java EE
containers].
|=======================================================================

[[CDITesting-CamelCDITest]]
== Camel CDI Test

With this approach, your test classes use the JUnit runner provided in
Camel CDI test. This runner manages the lifecycle of a standalone CDI
container and automatically assemble and deploy the System Under Test
(SUT) based on the _classpath_ into the container.

It deploys the test class as a CDI bean so that dependency injection and
any CDI features is available within the test class.

Maven users will need to add the following dependency to
their `pom.xml` for this component:

[source,xml]
----
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
    <artifactId>camel-test-cdi</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <version>x.x.x</version>
    <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version -->
</dependency>
----

Here is a simple unit test using the `CamelCdiRunner`:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Inject
    CamelContext context;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        assertThat("Camel context status is incorrect!",
            context.getStatus(),
            is(equalTo(ServiceStatus.Started)));
    }
}
----

CDI injection is also available for test method parameters, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Test
    public void test(@Uri("direct:foo") ProducerTemplate producer) {
        producer.sendBody("bar");
    }
}
----

Camel CDI test provides the `@Order` annotation that you can use to
execute the test methods in a particular sequence, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Test
    @Order(1)
    public void firstTestMethod() {
    }

    @Test
    @Order(2)
    public void secondTestMethod() {
    }
}
----

One CDI container is bootstrapped for the entire execution of the test
class.

Besides, the test class is deployed as a CDI bean, so that you can
control how the runner instantiate the test class, either one test class
instance for each test method (the default, depending on the _built-in_
default `@Dependent` CDI scope), or one test class instance for the
entire test class execution using the `@ApplicationScoped` scope, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@ApplicationScoped
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    int counter;

    @Test
    @Order(1)
    public void firstTestMethod() {
        counter++;
    }

    @Test
    @Order(2)
    public void secondTestMethod() {
        assertEquals(counter, 1);
    }
}
----

In case you need to add additional test beans, you can use the `@Beans`
annotation provided by Camel CDI test. For example, if you need to add
a route to your Camel context, instead of declaring a `RouteBuilder` bean
with a nested class, you can declare a managed bean, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
class TestRoute extends RouteBuilder {

    @Override
    public void configure() {
        from("direct:foo").to("mock:bar");
    }
}
----

And add it with the `@Beans` annotation, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
@Beans(classes = TestRoute.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

}
----

[[CDITesting-Arquillian]]
== Arquillian

With this approach, you use the JUnit runner or TestNG support provided
by Arquillian to delegate the bootstrap of the CDI container. You need
to declare a `@Deployment` method to create your application
configuration to be deployed in the container using
http://arquillian.org/guides/shrinkwrap_introduction/[ShrinkWrap
descriptors], e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class CamelCdiJavaSeTest {

    @Deployment
    public static Archive deployment() {
        return ShrinkWrap.create(JavaArchive.class)
            // Camel CDI
            .addPackage(CdiCamelExtension.class.getPackage())
            // Test classes
            .addPackage(Application.class.getPackage())
            // Bean archive deployment descriptor
            .addAsManifestResource(EmptyAsset.INSTANCE, "beans.xml");
    }

    @Inject
    CamelContext context;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        assertThat("Camel context status is incorrect!",
            context.getStatus(),
            is(equalTo(ServiceStatus.Started)));
    }
}
----

In that example, you can use any Java SE Arquillian embedded container
adapter, like the
http://arquillian.org/modules/arquillian-weld-se-embedded-1.1-container-adapter/[Weld
embedded container adapter] e.g. with Maven you need that complete set
of dependencies:

[source,xml]
----
<dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.descriptors</groupId>
      <artifactId>shrinkwrap-descriptors-depchain</artifactId>
      <type>pom</type>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
      <artifactId>arquillian-weld-se-embedded-1.1</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.weld</groupId>
      <artifactId>weld-core</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>
----

Using ShrinkWarp Descriptors, you have a complete control over the
configuration and kind of Camel CDI applications you want to test. For
example, to test a Camel CDI application that uses the Camel
REST DSL configured with the
xref:ROOT:servlet-component.adoc[Servlet component], you need to create a Web archive,
e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class CamelCdiWebTest {

    @Deployment
    public static Archive<?> createTestArchive() {
        return ShrinkWrap.create(WebArchive.class)
            .addClass(Application.class)
            .addAsWebInfResource(EmptyAsset.INSTANCE, ArchivePaths.create("beans.xml"))
            .setWebXML(Paths.get("src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml").toFile());
    }

    @Test
    @RunAsClient
    public void test(@ArquillianResource URL url) throws Exception {
        assertThat(IOHelper.loadText(new URL(url, "camel/rest/hello").openStream()),
            is(equalTo("Hello World!\n")));
    }
}
----

In the example above, you can use any Arquillian Web container adapter,
like
the http://arquillian.org/modules/arquillian-jetty-embedded-9-container-adapter/[Jetty
embedded container adapter] e.g. with Maven you need the
complete following set of dependencies:

[source,xml]
----
</dependencies>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.testenricher</groupId>
    <artifactId>arquillian-testenricher-resource</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap.descriptors</groupId>
    <artifactId>shrinkwrap-descriptors-depchain</artifactId>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.weld.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>weld-servlet</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
    <artifactId>jetty-webapp</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
    <artifactId>jetty-annotations</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.container</groupId>
    <artifactId>arquillian-jetty-embedded-9</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>

</dependencies>
----

You can see the tests in the `camel-example-cdi-rest-servlet` example
for a complete working example of testing a Camel CDI application using
the REST DSL and deployed as a WAR in Jetty.

[[CDITesting-PAXExam]]
== PAX Exam

If you target OSGi as runtime environment for your Camel CDI
applications, you can use PAX Exam to automate the deployment of your
tests into an OSGi container, for example into Karaf, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(PaxExam.class)
@ExamReactorStrategy(PerClass.class)
public class PaxCdiOsgiTest {

    @Configuration
    public Option[] config() throws IOException {
        return options(
            // Karaf configuration
            karafDistributionConfiguration()
                .frameworkUrl(
                    maven()
                       .groupId("org.apache.karaf")
                       .artifactId("apache-karaf")
                       .versionAsInProject()
                       .type("zip"))
                .name("Apache Karaf")
                .unpackDirectory(new File("target/paxexam/unpack/")),
            // PAX CDI Weld
            features(
                maven()
                    .groupId("org.ops4j.pax.cdi")
                    .artifactId("pax-cdi-features")
                    .type("xml")
                    .classifier("features")
                    .versionAsInProject(),
                "pax-cdi-weld"),
            // Karaf Camel commands
            mavenBundle()
                .groupId("your.application.groupId")
                .artifactId("your.application.artifactId")
                .versionAsInProject()
        );
    }

    @Inject
    private CamelContext context;

    @Test
    public void testContextStatus() {
        assertThat("Camel context status is incorrect!",
            context.getStatus(), equalTo(ServiceStatus.Started));
    }
}
----

You can see the tests in the `camel-example-cdi-osgi` example for a
complete working example of testing a Camel CDI application deployed in
an OSGi container using PAX Exam.

[[CDITesting-TestingPatterns]]
== Testing Patterns

You can see the tests in the `camel-example-cdi-test` example for a
thorough overview of the following testing patterns for Camel CDI
applications.

[NOTE]
====
While the patterns above are illustrated using the Camel CDI test
module, they should equally work with Arquillian and PAX Exam unless
otherwise stated or illustrated with a specific example.
====

[[CDITesting-Testroutes]]
== Test routes

You may want to add some Camel routes to your Camel CDI applications for
testing purpose. For example to route some exchanges to a `MockEndpoint`
instance. You can do that by declaring a `RouteBuilder` bean within the
test class as you would normally do in your application code, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    // Declare a RouteBuilder bean for testing purpose
    // that is automatically added to the Camel context
    static class TestRoute extends RouteBuilder {

        @Override
        public void configure() {
            from("direct:out").routeId("test").to("mock:out");
        }
    
    }

    // And retrieve the MockEndpoint for further assertions
    @Inject
    @Uri("mock:out")
    MockEndpoint mock;
}
----

You can find more information in xref:cdi.adoc#CDI-Auto-detectingCamelroutes[auto-detecting Camel
routes].

In case you prefer declaring the `RouteBuilder` bean in a separate class,
for example to share it more easily across multiple test classes, you can use
the `@Beans` annotation to instruct Camel CDI test to deploy that class as a
CDI bean, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
@Beans(classes = TestRoute.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    // ...
}
----

[[CDITesting-Beanalternatives]]
== Bean alternatives

You may want to replace a bean that is used in your Camel routes by
another bean for testing purpose, for example to mock it or change the
behavior of the application bean.

Imagine you have the following route in your application:

[source,java]
----
public class Application {

    @ApplicationScoped
    static class Hello extends RouteBuilder {

        @Override
        public void configure() {
            from("direct:in").bean("bean").to("direct:out");
        }
    }
}
----

And the corresponding bean:

[source,java]
----
@Named("bean")
public class Bean {

    public String process(@Body String body) {
        return body;
    }
}
----

Then you can replace the bean above in your tests by declaring an
_alternative_ bean, annotated with `@Alternative`, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Alternative
@Named("bean")
public class AlternativeBean {

    public String process(@Body String body) {
        return body + " with alternative bean!";
    }
}
----

And you need to activate (a.k.a. _select_ in CDI terminology) this
alternative bean in your tests. If your using the `CamelCdiRunner` JUnit
runner, you can do that with the `@Beans` annotation provided by the
Camel CDI test module, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
@Beans(alternatives = AlternativeBean.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Test
    public void testAlternativeBean(@Uri("direct:in") ProducerTemplate producer
                                    @Uri("mock:out") MockEndpoint mock) throws InterruptedException {
        mock.expectedMessageCount(1);
        mock.expectedBodiesReceived("test with alternative bean!");

        producer.sendBody("test");

        MockEndpoint.assertIsSatisfied(1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, mock);
    }

    static class TestRoute extends RouteBuilder {

        @Override
        public void configure() {
            from("direct:out").routeId("test").to("mock:out");
        }
    }
}
----

If you're using Arquillian as testing framework, you need to activate the
alternative in your deployment method, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Deployment
    public static Archive deployment() {
        return ShrinkWrap.create(JavaArchive.class)
            // Camel CDI
            .addPackage(CdiCamelExtension.class.getPackage())
            // Test classes
            .addPackage(Application.class.getPackage())
            // Bean archive deployment descriptor
            .addAsManifestResource(
                new StringAsset(
                    Descriptors.create(BeansDescriptor.class)
                        .getOrCreateAlternatives()
                            .stereotype(MockAlternative.class.getName()).up()
                        .exportAsString()),
                "beans.xml");
    }

    //...
}
----

[[CDITesting-Camelcontextcustomization]]
== Camel context customization

You may need to customize your Camel contexts for testing purpose, for
example disabling JMX management to avoid TCP port allocation conflict.
You can do that by declaring a custom Camel context bean in your test
class, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @Default
    @Named("camel-test-cdi")
    @ApplicationScoped
    static class CustomCamelContext extends DefaultCamelContext {

        @PostConstruct
        void customize() {
            disableJMX();
        }
    }
}
----

In that example, the custom Camel context bean declared in the test
class will be used during the test execution instead of the default
Camel context bean provided by the Camel CDI component.

[[CDITesting-RoutesadvisingwithadviceWith]]
== Routes advising with `adviceWith`

`AdviceWith` is used for testing Camel routes where you
can _advice_ an existing route before its being tested. It allows to
add http://camel.apache.org/intercept.html[Intercept] or _weave_ routes
for testing purpose, for example using
the xref:ROOT:mock-component.adoc[Mock] component.

It is recommended to only advice routes which are not started already.
To meet that requirement, you can use the `CamelContextStartingEvent`
event by declaring an observer method in which you use `adviceWith` to
add a `mock` endpoint at the end of your Camel route, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    void advice(@Observes CamelContextStartingEvent event,
                @Uri("mock:test") MockEndpoint messages,
                ModelCamelContext context) throws Exception {

        context.getRouteDefinition("route")
            .adviceWith(context, new AdviceWithRouteBuilder() {
                @Override
                public void configure() {
                    weaveAddLast().to("mock:test");
                }
            });
    }
}
----

[[CDITesting-JUnitrules]]
== JUnit rules

Camel CDI test starts the CDI container after all the JUnit class rules
have executed.

That way, you can use JUnit class rules to initialize (resp. clean-up)
resources that your test classes would require during their execution
before the container initializes (resp. after the container has
shutdown). For example, you could use an embedded JMS broker
like https://activemq.apache.org/artemis/[ActiveMQ Artemis] to test your
Camel JMS application, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.jms.server.embedded.EmbeddedJMS;

@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @ClassRule
    public static final ExternalResource resources = new ExternalResource() {

        private final EmbeddedJMS jms = new EmbeddedJMS();

        @Override
        protected void before() throws Exception {
            jms.start();
        }

        @Override
        protected void after() throws Exception {
            jms.stop();
        }
    };

    @Inject
    @Uri("jms:destination")
    private ProducerTemplate producer;

    @Test
    public void sendMessage() {
        producer.sendBody("message");
    }
}
----

Another use case is to assert the behavior of your application after it
has shutdown. In that case, you can use the `Verifier` rule, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
import org.junit.rules.Verifier;

@RunWith(CamelCdiRunner.class)
public class CamelCdiTest {

    @ClassRule
    public static Verifier verifier = new Verifier() {

        @Override
        protected void verify() {
            // Executes after the CDI container has shutdown
        }
    };
}
----
