[[Spring_applications_development_and_migration_guide]]
= Spring applications development and migration guide

This document details the main points that need to be considered by
Spring developers that wish to develop new applications or to migrate
existing applications to be run into WildFly {wildflyVersion}.

[[dependencies-and-modularity]]
== Dependencies and Modularity

WildFly {wildflyVersion} has a modular class loading strategy, different from previous
versions of JBoss AS, which enforces a better class loading isolation
between deployments and the application server itself. A detailed
description can be found in the documentation dedicated to
https://docs.jboss.org/author/display/AS7/Class+Loading+in+AS7[class
loading in WildFly {wildflyVersion}].

This reduces significantly the risk of running into a class loading
conflict and allows applications to package their own dependencies if
they choose to do so. This makes it easier for Spring applications that
package their own dependencies - such as logging frameworks or
persistence providers to run on WildFly {wildflyVersion}.

At the same time, this does not mean that duplications and conflicts
cannot exist on the classpath. Some module dependencies are implicit,
depending on the type of deployment as shown
https://docs.jboss.org/author/display/AS7/Implicit+module+dependencies+for+deployments[here].

[[persistence-usage-guide]]
== Persistence usage guide

Depending on the strategy being used, Spring applications can be:

* native Hibernate applications;
* Jakarta Persistence based applications;
* native JDBC applications;

[[native-springhibernate-applications]]
== Native Spring/Hibernate applications

Applications that use the Hibernate API directly with Spring (i.e.
through either one of LocalSessionFactoryBean or
AnnotationSessionFactoryBean) may use a version of Hibernate 3 packaged
inside the application. Hibernate 4 (which is provided through the
'org.hibernate' module of WildFly {wildflyVersion}) is not supported by Spring 3.0 and
Spring 3.1 (and may be supported by Spring 3.2 as described in
https://jira.springsource.org/browse/SPR-8096[SPR-8096]), so adding this
module as a dependency is not a solution.

[[Jakarta-Persistence-based-applications]]
== Jakarta Persistence based applications

Spring applications using Jakarta Persistence may choose between:

* using a server-deployed persistence unit;
* using a Spring-managed persistence unit.

[[using-server-deployed-persistence-units]]
=== Using server-deployed persistence units

Applications that use a server-deployed persistence unit must observe
the typical Jakarta EE rules in what concerns dependency management, i.e.
the javax.persistence classes and persistence provider (Hibernate) are
contained in modules which are added automatically by the application
when the persistence unit is deployed.

In order to use the server-deployed persistence units from within
Spring, either the persistence context or the persistence unit need to
be registered in JNDI via web.xml as follows:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<persistence-context-ref>
    <persistence-context-ref-name>persistence/petclinic-em</persistence-unit-ref-name>
    <persistence-unit-name>petclinic</persistence-unit-name>
</persistence-context-ref>
----

or, respectively:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<persistence-unit-ref>
    <persistence-unit-ref-name>persistence/petclinic-emf</persistence-unit-ref-name>
    <persistence-unit-name>petclinic</persistence-unit-name>
</persistence-unit-ref>
----

When doing so, the persistence context or persistence unit are available
to be looked up in JNDI, as follows:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<jee:jndi-lookup id="entityManager" jndi-name="java:comp/env/persistence/petclinic-em" 
            expected-type="javax.persistence.EntityManager"/>
----

or

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<jee:jndi-lookup id="entityManagerFactory" jndi-name="java:comp/env/persistence/petclinic-emf" 
            expected-type="javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory"/>
----

JNDI binding

[NOTE]

JNDI binding via persistence.xml properties is not supported in WildFly
8.

[[using-spring-managed-persistence-units]]
=== Using Spring-managed persistence units

Spring applications running in WildFly {wildflyVersion} may also create persistence
units on their own, using the LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.
This is what these applications need to consider:

[[placement-of-the-persistence-unit-definitions]]
==== Placement of the persistence unit definitions

When the application server encounters a deployment that has a file
named META-INF/persistence.xml (or, for that matter,
WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/persistence.xml), it will attempt to create a
persistence unit based on what is provided in the file. In most cases,
such definition files are not compliant with the Jakarta EE requirements,
mostly because required elements such as the datasource of the
persistence unit are supposed to be provided by the Spring context
definitions, which will fail the deployment of the persistence unit, and
consequently of the entire deployment.

Spring applications can easily avoid this type of conflict, by using a
feature of the LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean which is designed
for this purpose. Persistence unit definition files can exist in other
locations than META-INF/persistence.xml and the location can be
indicated through the persistenceXmlLocation property of the factory
bean class.

Assuming that the persistence unit is in the
META-INF/jpa-persistence.xml, the corresponding definition can be:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> 
       <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath*:META-INF/jpa-persistence.xml"/> 
       <!-- other definitions -->
</bean>
----

[[managing-dependencies]]
=== Managing dependencies

Since the LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean and the corresponding
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter are based on Hibernate 3, it is required to
use that version with the application. Therefore, the Hibernate 3 jars
must be included in the deployment. At the same time, due the presence
of @PersistenceUnit or @PersistenceContext annotations on the
application classes, the application server will automatically add the
'org.hibernate' module as a dependency.

This can be avoided by instructing the server to exclude the module from
the deployment's list of dependencies. In order to do so, include a
META-INF/jboss-deployment-structure.xml or, for web applications,
WEB-INF/jboss-deployment-structure.xml with the following content:

[source,xml,options="nowrap"]
----
<jboss-deployment-structure xmlns="urn:jboss:deployment-structure:1.0">
  <deployment>
    <exclusions>
       <module name="org.hibernate"/>
    </exclusions>
  </deployment>
</jboss-deployment-structure>
----
