<chapter id="xml">

        <title>Configuring Seam components</title>
        
        <para> 
            The philosophy of minimizing XML-based configuration is extremely strong in Seam. Nevertheless,
            there are various reasons why we might want to configure a Seam component using XML: to isolate
            deployment-specific information from the Java code, to enable the creation of re-usable frameworks,
            to configure Seam's built-in functionality, etc.
            Seam provides two basic approaches to configuring components: configuration via property settings in a
            properties file or in <literal>web.xml</literal>, and configuration via <literal>components.xml</literal>. 
        </para>

        <sect1>
            <title>Configuring components via property settings</title>
            <para> 
                Seam components may be provided with configuration properties either via servlet context parameters,
                or via a properties file named <literal>seam.properties</literal> in the root of the classpath. 
            </para>
            <para> 
                The configurable Seam component must expose JavaBeans-style property setter methods for the
                configurable attributes. If a Seam component named <literal>com.jboss.myapp.settings</literal> has a
                setter method named <literal>setLocale()</literal>, we can provide a property named
                <literal>com.jboss.myapp.settings.locale</literal> in the <literal>seam.properties</literal> file or
                as a servlet context parameter, and Seam will set the value of the <literal>locale</literal> attribute
                whenever it instantiates the component. 
            </para>
            <para> 
                The same mechanism is used to configure Seam itself. For example, to set the conversation timeout, we
                provide a value for <literal>org.jboss.seam.core.manager.conversationTimeout</literal> in
                <literal>web.xml</literal> or <literal>seam.properties</literal>. (There is a built-in Seam
                component named <literal>org.jboss.seam.core.manager</literal> with a setter method named
                <literal>setConversationTimeout()</literal>.) 
            </para>
        </sect1>

        <sect1>
            <title>Configuring components via <literal>components.xml</literal></title>
            
            <para> 
                The <literal>components.xml</literal> file is a bit more powerful than property settings. It lets
                you: 
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para> Configure components that have been installed automatically&#8212;including both built-in
                        components, and application components that have been annotated with the
                        <literal>@Name</literal> annotation and picked up by Seam's deployment scanner. </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para> Install classes with no <literal>@Name</literal> annotation as Seam components&#8212;this
                        is most useful for certain kinds of infrastructural components which can be installed multiple
                        times different names (for example Seam-managed persistence contexts). </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para> Install components that <emphasis>do</emphasis> have a <literal>@Name</literal> annotation
                        but are not installed by default because of an <literal>@Install</literal> annotation that
                        indicates the component should not be installed. </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para> Override the scope of a component. </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

            <para> 
                A <literal>components.xml</literal> file may appear in one of three different places: 
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>The <literal>WEB-INF</literal> directory of a <literal>war</literal>.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>The <literal>META-INF</literal> directory of a <literal>jar</literal>.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Any directory of a <literal>jar</literal> that contains classes with an
                        <literal>@Name</literal> annotation.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

            <para> 
                Usually, Seam components are installed when the deployment scanner discovers a class with a
                <literal>@Name</literal> annotation sitting in an archive with a <literal>seam.properties</literal>
                file or a <literal>META-INF/components.xml</literal> file. (Unless the component has an 
                <literal>@Install</literal> annotation indicating it should not be installed by default.) 
                The <literal>components.xml</literal> file lets us handle special cases where we need
                to override the annotations. 
            </para>

            <para>
                For example, the following <literal>components.xml</literal> file installs jBPM: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" 
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns:bpm="http://jboss.com/products/seam/bpm">
    <bpm:jbpm/>
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This example does the same thing:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>
    <component class="org.jboss.seam.bpm.Jbpm"/>
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This one installs and configures two different Seam-managed persistence contexts:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" 
            xmlns:persistence="http://jboss.com/products/seam/persistence"

    <persistence:managed-persistence-context name="customerDatabase"
                       persistence-unit-jndi-name="java:/customerEntityManagerFactory"/>
        
    <persistence:managed-persistence-context name="accountingDatabase"
                       persistence-unit-jndi-name="java:/accountingEntityManagerFactory"/>            

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                As does this one:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>
    <component name="customerDatabase" 
              class="org.jboss.seam.persistence.ManagedPersistenceContext">
        <property name="persistenceUnitJndiName">java:/customerEntityManagerFactory</property>
    </component>
    
    <component name="accountingDatabase"
              class="org.jboss.seam.persistence.ManagedPersistenceContext">
        <property name="persistenceUnitJndiName">java:/accountingEntityManagerFactory</property>
    </component>
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This example creates a session-scoped Seam-managed persistence context (this is not recommended in
                practice):
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" 
            xmlns:persistence="http://jboss.com/products/seam/persistence"

  <persistence:managed-persistence-context name="productDatabase" 
                                          scope="session"
                     persistence-unit-jndi-name="java:/productEntityManagerFactory"/>        

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>
            
    <component name="productDatabase"
              scope="session"
              class="org.jboss.seam.persistence.ManagedPersistenceContext">
        <property name="persistenceUnitJndiName">java:/productEntityManagerFactory</property>
    </component>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                It is common to use the <literal>auto-create</literal> option for infrastructural
                objects like persistence contexts, which saves you from having to explicitly
                specify <literal>create=true</literal> when you use the <literal>@In</literal>
                annotation.
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" 
            xmlns:persistence="http://jboss.com/products/seam/persistence"

  <persistence:managed-persistence-context name="productDatabase" 
                                    auto-create="true"
                     persistence-unit-jndi-name="java:/productEntityManagerFactory"/>        

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>
            
    <component name="productDatabase"
        auto-create="true"
              class="org.jboss.seam.persistence.ManagedPersistenceContext">
        <property name="persistenceUnitJndiName">java:/productEntityManagerFactory</property>
    </component>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                The <literal>&lt;factory&gt;</literal> declaration lets you specify a value or method binding
                expression that will be evaluated to initialize the value of a context variable when it is first
                referenced.
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>

    <factory name="contact" method="#{contactManager.loadContact}" scope="CONVERSATION"/>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                You can create an "alias" (a second name) for a Seam component like so: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>

    <factory name="user" value="#{actor}" scope="STATELESS"/>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                You can even create an "alias" for a commonly used expression: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>

    <factory name="contact" value="#{contactManager.contact}" scope="STATELESS"/>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                It is especially common to see the use of <literal>auto-create="true"</literal> with the
                <literal>&lt;factory&gt;</literal> declaration:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>

    <factory name="session" value="#{entityManager.delegate}" scope="STATELESS" auto-create="true"/>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                Sometimes we want to reuse the same <literal>components.xml</literal> file with minor changes during
                both deployment and testing. Seam lets you place wildcards of the form <literal>@wildcard@</literal> in
                the <literal>components.xml</literal> file which can be replaced either by your Ant build script (at
                deployment time) or by providing a file named <literal>components.properties</literal> in the classpath
                (at development time). You'll see this approach used in the Seam examples. 
            </para>

        </sect1>

        <sect1>
            <title>Fine-grained configuration files</title>
            <para> 
                If you have a large number of components that need to be configured in XML, it makes much more sense
                to split up the information in <literal>components.xml</literal> into many small files. Seam lets
                you put configuration for a class named, for example, <literal>com.helloworld.Hello</literal> in a
                resource named <literal>com/helloworld/Hello.component.xml</literal>. (You might be familiar with this
                pattern, since it is the same one we use in Hibernate.) The root element of the file may be either a
                <literal>&lt;components&gt;</literal> or <literal>&lt;component&gt;</literal>
                element. </para>

            <para> 
                The first option lets you define multiple components in the file: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components>
    <component class="com.helloworld.Hello" name="hello">
        <property name="name">#{user.name}</property>
    </component>
    <factory name="message" value="#{hello.message}"/>
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                The second option only lets you define or configure one component, but is less noisy: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<component name="hello">
    <property name="name">#{user.name}</property>
</component>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                In the second option, the class name is implied by the file in which the component definition
                appears. 
            </para>

            <para> 
                Alternatively, you may put configuration for all classes in the <literal>com.helloworld</literal>
                package in <literal>com/helloworld/components.xml</literal>. 
            </para>
        </sect1>

        <sect1>
            <title>Configurable property types</title>
            <para> 
                Properties of string, primitive or primitive wrapper type may be configured just as you would expect: 
            </para>

            <programlisting><![CDATA[org.jboss.seam.core.manager.conversationTimeout 60000]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<core:manager conversation-timeout="60000"/>]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<component name="org.jboss.seam.core.manager">
    <property name="conversationTimeout">60000</property>
</component>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                Arrays, sets and lists of strings or primitives are also supported: 
            </para>

            <programlisting><![CDATA[org.jboss.seam.bpm.jbpm.processDefinitions order.jpdl.xml, return.jpdl.xml, inventory.jpdl.xml]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<bpm:jbpm>
    <bpm:process-definitions>
        <value>order.jpdl.xml</value>
        <value>return.jpdl.xml</value>
        <value>inventory.jpdl.xml</value>
    </bpm:process-definitions>
</bpm:jbpm>]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<component name="org.jboss.seam.bpm.jbpm">
    <property name="processDefinitions">
        <value>order.jpdl.xml</value>
        <value>return.jpdl.xml</value>
        <value>inventory.jpdl.xml</value>
    </property>
</component>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                Even maps with String-valued keys and string or primitive values are supported: 
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<component name="issueEditor">
    <property name="issueStatuses">
        <key>open</key> <value>open issue</value>
        <key>resolved</key> <value>issue resolved by developer</value>
        <key>closed</key> <value>resolution accepted by user</value>
    </property>
</component>]]></programlisting>

            <para> 
                Finally, you may wire together components using a value-binding expression. Note that this is quite
                different to injection using <literal>@In</literal>, since it happens at component instantiation time
                instead of invocation time. It is therefore much more similar to the dependency injection facilities
                offered by traditional IoC containers like JSF or Spring. 
            </para>


            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<drools:managed-working-memory name="policyPricingWorkingMemory" rule-base="#{policyPricingRules}"/>]]></programlisting>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<component name="policyPricingWorkingMemory"
          class="org.jboss.seam.drools.ManagedWorkingMemory">
    <property name="ruleBase">#{policyPricingRules}</property>
</component>]]></programlisting>

        </sect1>

        <sect1>
            <title>Using XML Namespaces</title>
            <para> 
                Throughout the examples, there have been two competing ways of declaring components: with and without
                the use of XML namespaces. The following shows a typical <literal>components.xml</literal> file 
                without namespaces:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components http://jboss.com/products/seam/components-2.1.xsd">

    <component class="org.jboss.seam.core.init">
        <property name="debug">true</property>
        <property name="jndiPattern">@jndiPattern@</property>
    </component>
    
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                As you can see, this is somewhat verbose. Even worse, the component and attribute names cannot be 
                validated at development time.
            </para>

            <para>The namespaced version looks like this:</para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components"
            xmlns:core="http://jboss.com/products/seam/core"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation=
                "http://jboss.com/products/seam/core http://jboss.com/products/seam/core-2.1.xsd 
                 http://jboss.com/products/seam/components http://jboss.com/products/seam/components-2.1.xsd">

    <core:init debug="true" jndi-pattern="@jndiPattern@"/>

</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                Even though the schema declarations are verbose, the actual XML content is lean and easy to understand.
                The schemas provide detailed information about each component and the attributes available, allowing XML
                editors to offer intelligent autocomplete. The use of namespaced elements makes generating and
                maintaining correct <literal>components.xml</literal> files much simpler.
            </para>

            <para> 
                Now, this works great for the built-in Seam components, but what about user components? There are two options. 
                First, Seam supports mixing the two models, allowing the use of the generic <literal>&lt;component&gt;</literal> 
                declarations for user components, along with namespaced declarations for built-in components. But even better,
                Seam allows you to quickly declare namespaces for your own components.
            </para>

            <para>
                Any Java package can be associated with an XML namespace by annotating the package with the 
                <literal>@Namespace</literal> annotation. (Package-level annotations are declared in a file named
                <literal>package-info.java</literal> in the package directory.) Here is an example from the seampay demo:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="JAVA">@Namespace(value="http://jboss.com/products/seam/examples/seampay")
package org.jboss.seam.example.seampay;

import org.jboss.seam.annotations.Namespace;</programlisting>

            <para>
                That is all you need to do to use the namespaced style in <literal>components.xml</literal>!
                Now we can write:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components"
            xmlns:pay="http://jboss.com/products/seam/examples/seampay"
            ... >

    <pay:payment-home new-instance="#{newPayment}"
                      created-message="Created a new payment to #{newPayment.payee}" />

    <pay:payment name="newPayment"
                 payee="Somebody"
                 account="#{selectedAccount}"
                 payment-date="#{currentDatetime}"
                 created-date="#{currentDatetime}" />
     ...
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>Or:</para>

            <programlisting role="XML"><![CDATA[<components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components"
            xmlns:pay="http://jboss.com/products/seam/examples/seampay"
            ... >

    <pay:payment-home>
        <pay:new-instance>"#{newPayment}"</pay:new-instance>
        <pay:created-message>Created a new payment to #{newPayment.payee}</pay:created-message>
    </pay:payment-home>
    
    <pay:payment name="newPayment">
        <pay:payee>Somebody"</pay:payee>
        <pay:account>#{selectedAccount}</pay:account>
        <pay:payment-date>#{currentDatetime}</pay:payment-date>
        <pay:created-date>#{currentDatetime}</pay:created-date>
     </pay:payment>
     ...
</components>]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                These examples illustrate the two usage models of a namespaced element. In the first declaration, 
                the <literal>&lt;pay:payment-home&gt;</literal> references the <literal>paymentHome</literal>
                component:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="JAVA"><![CDATA[package org.jboss.seam.example.seampay;
...
@Name("paymentHome")
public class PaymentController
    extends EntityHome<Payment>
{
    ... 
}]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                The element name is the hyphenated form of the component name. The attributes of the element are
                the hyphenated form of the property names.
            </para>

            <para>
                In the second declaration, the <literal>&lt;pay:payment&gt;</literal> element refers to the 
                <literal>Payment</literal> class in the <literal>org.jboss.seam.example.seampay</literal> package. 
                In this case <literal>Payment</literal> is an entity that is being declared as a Seam component:
            </para>

            <programlisting role="JAVA"><![CDATA[package org.jboss.seam.example.seampay;
...
@Entity
public class Payment
    implements Serializable
{
    ...
}]]></programlisting>
            
            <para>
                If we want validation and autocompletion to work for user-defined components, we will need a schema.
                Seam does not yet provide a mechanism to automatically generate a schema for a set of components, so
                it is necessary to generate one manually. The schema definitions for the standard Seam packages can 
                be used for guidance.   
            </para>

            <para>The following are the the namespaces used by Seam:</para>
            
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>components &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/components</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>core &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/core</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>drools &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/drools</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>framework &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/framework</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>jms &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/jms</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>remoting &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/remoting</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>theme &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/theme</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>security &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/security</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>mail &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/mail</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>web &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/web</literal></para>
                </listitem>                
                <listitem>
                    <para>pdf &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/pdf</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>                    
                    <para> spring &#8212; <literal>http://jboss.com/products/seam/spring</literal></para>
                </listitem>
                
            </itemizedlist>
            
        </sect1>


</chapter>
