servoFrankaPBVS.cpp

/*
 * ViSP, open source Visual Servoing Platform software.
 * Copyright (C) 2005 - 2025 by Inria. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
 * distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
 *
 * For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
 * GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
 * Edition License.
 *
 * See https://visp.inria.fr for more information.
 *
 * This software was developed at:
 * Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
 * Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
 * 35042 Rennes Cedex
 * France
 *
 * If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
 * Inria at visp@inria.fr
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * Description:
 * Data acquisition with RealSense RGB-D sensor and Franka robot.
 */

 
#include <iostream>
 
#include <visp3/core/vpConfig.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpCameraParameters.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpIoTools.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpXmlParserCamera.h>
#include <visp3/detection/vpDetectorAprilTag.h>
#include <visp3/gui/vpDisplayFactory.h>
#include <visp3/gui/vpPlot.h>
#include <visp3/io/vpImageIo.h>
#include <visp3/robot/vpRobotFranka.h>
#include <visp3/sensor/vpRealSense2.h>
#include <visp3/visual_features/vpFeatureThetaU.h>
#include <visp3/visual_features/vpFeatureTranslation.h>
#include <visp3/vs/vpServo.h>
#include <visp3/vs/vpServoDisplay.h>
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_REALSENSE2) && defined(VISP_HAVE_DISPLAY) && defined(VISP_HAVE_FRANKA) && defined(VISP_HAVE_PUGIXML)
 
#ifdef ENABLE_VISP_NAMESPACE
using namespace VISP_NAMESPACE_NAME;
#endif
 
void display_point_trajectory(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const std::vector<vpImagePoint> &vip,
                              std::vector<vpImagePoint> *traj_vip)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < vip.size(); ++i) {
    if (traj_vip[i].size()) {
      // Add the point only if distance with the previous > 1 pixel
      if (vpImagePoint::distance(vip[i], traj_vip[i].back()) > 1.) {
        traj_vip[i].push_back(vip[i]);
      }
    }
    else {
      traj_vip[i].push_back(vip[i]);
    }
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < vip.size(); ++i) {
    for (size_t j = 1; j < traj_vip[i].size(); j++) {
      vpDisplay::displayLine(I, traj_vip[i][j - 1], traj_vip[i][j], vpColor::green, 2);
    }
  }
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  double opt_tag_size = 0.120;
  bool opt_tag_z_aligned = false;
  std::string opt_robot_ip = "192.168.1.1";
  std::string opt_eMc_filename = "";
  std::string opt_intrinsic_filename = "";
  std::string opt_camera_name = "Camera";
  bool display_tag = true;
  int opt_quad_decimate = 2;
  bool opt_verbose = false;
  bool opt_plot = false;
  bool opt_adaptive_gain = false;
  bool opt_task_sequencing = false;
  double convergence_threshold_t = 0.0005; // Value in [m]
  double convergence_threshold_tu = 0.5;   // Value in [deg]
 
  for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
    if ((std::string(argv[i]) == "--tag-size") && (i + 1 < argc)) {
      opt_tag_size = std::stod(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if ((std::string(argv[i]) == "--tag-quad-decimate") && (i + 1 < argc)) {
      opt_quad_decimate = std::stoi(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--tag-z-aligned") {
      opt_tag_z_aligned = true;
    }
    else if ((std::string(argv[i]) == "--ip") && (i + 1 < argc)) {
      opt_robot_ip = std::string(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--intrinsic" && i + 1 < argc) {
      opt_intrinsic_filename = std::string(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--camera-name" && i + 1 < argc) {
      opt_camera_name = std::string(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if ((std::string(argv[i]) == "--eMc") && (i + 1 < argc)) {
      opt_eMc_filename = std::string(argv[++i]);
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--verbose") {
      opt_verbose = true;
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--plot") {
      opt_plot = true;
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--adaptive-gain") {
      opt_adaptive_gain = true;
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--task-sequencing") {
      opt_task_sequencing = true;
    }
    else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--no-convergence-threshold") {
      convergence_threshold_t = 0.;
      convergence_threshold_tu = 0.;
    }
    else if ((std::string(argv[i]) == "--help") || (std::string(argv[i]) == "-h")) {
      std::cout << "SYNOPSYS" << std::endl
        << "  " << argv[0]
        << " [--ip <controller ip>]"
        << " [--intrinsic <xml file>]"
        << " [--camera-name <name>]"
        << " [--tag-size <size>]"
        << " [--tag-quad-decimate <decimation factor>]"
        << " [--tag-z-aligned]"
        << " [--eMc <extrinsic transformation file>]"
        << " [--adaptive-gain]"
        << " [--plot]"
        << " [--task-sequencing]"
        << " [--no-convergence-threshold]"
        << " [--verbose]"
        << " [--help] [-h]\n"
        << std::endl;
      std::cout << "DESCRIPTION" << std::endl
        << "  Use a position-based visual-servoing scheme to position the camera in front of an Apriltag." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --ip <controller ip>" << std::endl
        << "    Franka controller ip address" << std::endl
        << "    Default: " << opt_robot_ip << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --intrinsic <xml file>" << std::endl
        << "    XML file that contains camera intrinsic parameters. " << std::endl
        << "    If no file is specified, use Realsense camera factory intrinsic parameters." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --camera-name <name>" << std::endl
        << "    Camera name in the XML file that contains camera intrinsic parameters." << std::endl
        << "    Default: \"Camera\"" << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --tag-size <size>" << std::endl
        << "    Apriltag size in [m]." << std::endl
        << "    Default: " << opt_tag_size << " [m]" << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --tag-quad-decimate <decimation factor>" << std::endl
        << "    Decimation factor used during Apriltag detection." << std::endl
        << "    Default: " << opt_quad_decimate << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --tag-z-aligned" << std::endl
        << "    When enabled, tag z-axis and camera z-axis are aligned." << std::endl
        << "    Default: false" << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --eMc <extrinsic transformation file>" << std::endl
        << "    File containing the homogeneous transformation matrix between" << std::endl
        << "    robot end-effector and camera frame." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --adaptive-gain" << std::endl
        << "    Flag to enable adaptive gain to speed up visual servo near convergence." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --plot" << std::endl
        << "    Flag to enable curve plotter." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --task-sequencing" << std::endl
        << "    Flag to enable task sequencing scheme." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --no-convergence-threshold" << std::endl
        << "    Flag to disable convergence threshold used to stop the visual servo." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --verbose" << std::endl
        << "    Flag to enable extra verbosity." << std::endl
        << std::endl
        << "  --help, -h" << std::endl
        << "    Print this helper message." << std::endl
        << std::endl;
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
    else {
      std::cout << "\nERROR" << std::endl
        << std::string(argv[i]) << " command line option is not supported." << std::endl
        << "Use " << std::string(argv[0]) << " --help" << std::endl
        << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
 
  vpRealSense2 rs;
  rs2::config config;
  unsigned int width = 640, height = 480;
  config.enable_stream(RS2_STREAM_COLOR, 640, 480, RS2_FORMAT_RGBA8, 30);
  config.enable_stream(RS2_STREAM_DEPTH, 640, 480, RS2_FORMAT_Z16, 30);
  config.enable_stream(RS2_STREAM_INFRARED, 640, 480, RS2_FORMAT_Y8, 30);
  rs.open(config);
 
  vpImage<unsigned char> I(height, width);
 
#if (VISP_CXX_STANDARD >= VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
  std::shared_ptr<vpDisplay> display = vpDisplayFactory::createDisplay(I, 10, 10, "Current image");
#else
  vpDisplay *display = vpDisplayFactory::allocateDisplay(I, 10, 10, "Current image");
#endif
 
  std::cout << "Parameters:" << std::endl;
  std::cout << "  Apriltag                  " << std::endl;
  std::cout << "    Size [m]              : " << opt_tag_size << std::endl;
  std::cout << "    Z aligned             : " << (opt_tag_z_aligned ? "true" : "false") << std::endl;
  std::cout << "  Camera intrinsics         " << std::endl;
  std::cout << "    Factory parameters    : " << (opt_intrinsic_filename.empty() ? "yes" : "no") << std::endl;
 
  // Get camera intrinsics
  vpCameraParameters cam;
  if (opt_intrinsic_filename.empty()) {
    std::cout << "Use Realsense camera intrinsic factory parameters: " << std::endl;
    cam = rs.getCameraParameters(RS2_STREAM_COLOR, vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithDistortion);
    std::cout << "cam:\n" << cam << std::endl;
  }
  else if (!vpIoTools::checkFilename(opt_intrinsic_filename)) {
    std::cout << "Camera parameters file " << opt_intrinsic_filename << " doesn't exist." << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  else {
    vpXmlParserCamera parser;
    if (!opt_camera_name.empty()) {
 
      std::cout << "    Param file name [.xml]: " << opt_intrinsic_filename << std::endl;
      std::cout << "    Camera name           : " << opt_camera_name << std::endl;
 
      if (parser.parse(cam, opt_intrinsic_filename, opt_camera_name, vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithDistortion) !=
        vpXmlParserCamera::SEQUENCE_OK) {
        std::cout << "Unable to parse parameters with distortion for camera \"" << opt_camera_name << "\" from "
          << opt_intrinsic_filename << " file" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Attempt to find parameters without distortion" << std::endl;
 
        if (parser.parse(cam, opt_intrinsic_filename, opt_camera_name,
                         vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithoutDistortion) != vpXmlParserCamera::SEQUENCE_OK) {
          std::cout << "Unable to parse parameters without distortion for camera \"" << opt_camera_name << "\" from "
            << opt_intrinsic_filename << " file" << std::endl;
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  std::cout << "Camera parameters used to compute the pose:\n" << cam << std::endl;
 
  // Setup Apriltag detector
  vpDetectorAprilTag::vpAprilTagFamily tagFamily = vpDetectorAprilTag::TAG_36h11;
  vpDetectorAprilTag::vpPoseEstimationMethod poseEstimationMethod = vpDetectorAprilTag::HOMOGRAPHY_VIRTUAL_VS;
  // vpDetectorAprilTag::vpPoseEstimationMethod poseEstimationMethod = vpDetectorAprilTag::BEST_RESIDUAL_VIRTUAL_VS;
  vpDetectorAprilTag detector(tagFamily);
  detector.setAprilTagPoseEstimationMethod(poseEstimationMethod);
  detector.setDisplayTag(display_tag);
  detector.setAprilTagQuadDecimate(opt_quad_decimate);
  detector.setZAlignedWithCameraAxis(opt_tag_z_aligned);
 
  // Setup camera extrinsics
  vpPoseVector e_P_c;
  // Set camera extrinsics default values
  e_P_c[0] = 0.0337731;
  e_P_c[1] = -0.00535012;
  e_P_c[2] = -0.0523339;
  e_P_c[3] = -0.247294;
  e_P_c[4] = -0.306729;
  e_P_c[5] = 1.53055;
 
  // If provided, read camera extrinsics from --eMc <file>
  if (!opt_eMc_filename.empty()) {
    e_P_c.loadYAML(opt_eMc_filename, e_P_c);
  }
  else {
    std::cout << "Warning, opt_eMc_filename is empty! Use hard coded values." << std::endl;
  }
  vpHomogeneousMatrix e_M_c(e_P_c);
  std::cout << "e_M_c:\n" << e_M_c << std::endl;
 
  // Desired pose to reach
  vpHomogeneousMatrix cd_M_o(vpTranslationVector(0, 0, opt_tag_size * 3), // 3 times tag with along camera z axis
                             vpRotationMatrix({ 1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, -1 }));
 
  vpRobotFranka robot;
 
  try {
    robot.connect(opt_robot_ip);
 
    // Create visual features based on cd_M_c
    vpFeatureTranslation t(vpFeatureTranslation::cdMc);
    vpFeatureThetaU tu(vpFeatureThetaU::cdRc);
 
    vpFeatureTranslation td(vpFeatureTranslation::cdMc);
    vpFeatureThetaU tud(vpFeatureThetaU::cdRc);
 
    // Setup PBVS
    vpServo task;
    task.addFeature(t, td);
    task.addFeature(tu, tud);
    task.setServo(vpServo::EYEINHAND_CAMERA);
    task.setInteractionMatrixType(vpServo::CURRENT);
 
    if (opt_adaptive_gain) {
      vpAdaptiveGain lambda(1.5, 0.4, 30); // lambda(0)=4, lambda(oo)=0.4 and lambda'(0)=30
      task.setLambda(lambda);
    }
    else {
      task.setLambda(0.5);
    }
 
    vpPlot *plotter = nullptr;
    int iter_plot = 0;
 
    if (opt_plot) {
      plotter = new vpPlot(2, static_cast<int>(250 * 2), 500, static_cast<int>(I.getWidth()) + 80, 10,
                           "Real time curves plotter");
      plotter->setTitle(0, "Visual features error");
      plotter->setTitle(1, "Camera velocities");
      plotter->initGraph(0, 6);
      plotter->initGraph(1, 6);
      plotter->setLegend(0, 0, "error_feat_tx");
      plotter->setLegend(0, 1, "error_feat_ty");
      plotter->setLegend(0, 2, "error_feat_tz");
      plotter->setLegend(0, 3, "error_feat_theta_ux");
      plotter->setLegend(0, 4, "error_feat_theta_uy");
      plotter->setLegend(0, 5, "error_feat_theta_uz");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 0, "vc_x");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 1, "vc_y");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 2, "vc_z");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 3, "wc_x");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 4, "wc_y");
      plotter->setLegend(1, 5, "wc_z");
    }
 
    bool final_quit = false;
    bool has_converged = false;
    bool send_velocities = false;
    bool servo_started = false;
    std::vector<vpImagePoint> *traj_vip = nullptr; // To memorize point trajectory
 
    static double t_init_servo = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
 
    robot.set_eMc(e_M_c); // Set location of the camera wrt end-effector frame
    robot.setRobotState(vpRobot::STATE_VELOCITY_CONTROL);
 
    vpHomogeneousMatrix cd_M_c, c_M_o, o_M_o;
 
    while (!has_converged && !final_quit) {
      double t_start = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
 
      rs.acquire(I);
 
      vpDisplay::display(I);
 
      std::vector<vpHomogeneousMatrix> c_M_o_vec;
      bool ret = detector.detect(I, opt_tag_size, cam, c_M_o_vec);
 
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "Left click to " << (send_velocities ? "stop the robot" : "servo the robot") << ", right click to quit.";
      vpDisplay::displayText(I, 20, 20, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
 
      vpColVector v_c(6);
 
      // Only one tag is detected
      if (ret && (c_M_o_vec.size() == 1)) {
        c_M_o = c_M_o_vec[0];
 
        static bool first_time = true;
        if (first_time) {
          // Introduce security wrt tag positioning in order to avoid PI rotation
          std::vector<vpHomogeneousMatrix> secure_o_M_o(2), secure_cd_M_c(2);
          secure_o_M_o[1].buildFrom(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, M_PI);
          for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
            secure_cd_M_c[i] = cd_M_o * secure_o_M_o[i] * c_M_o.inverse();
          }
          if (std::fabs(secure_cd_M_c[0].getThetaUVector().getTheta()) < std::fabs(secure_cd_M_c[1].getThetaUVector().getTheta())) {
            o_M_o = secure_o_M_o[0];
          }
          else {
            std::cout << "Desired frame modified to avoid PI rotation of the camera" << std::endl;
            o_M_o = secure_o_M_o[1]; // Introduce PI rotation
          }
        }
 
        // Update visual features
        cd_M_c = cd_M_o * o_M_o * c_M_o.inverse();
        t.buildFrom(cd_M_c);
        tu.buildFrom(cd_M_c);
 
        if (opt_task_sequencing) {
          if (!servo_started) {
            if (send_velocities) {
              servo_started = true;
            }
            t_init_servo = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
          }
          v_c = task.computeControlLaw((vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_init_servo) / 1000.);
        }
        else {
          v_c = task.computeControlLaw();
        }
 
        // Display desired and current pose features
        vpDisplay::displayFrame(I, cd_M_o * o_M_o, cam, opt_tag_size / 1.5, vpColor::yellow, 2);
        vpDisplay::displayFrame(I, c_M_o, cam, opt_tag_size / 2, vpColor::none, 3);
        // Get tag corners
        std::vector<vpImagePoint> vip = detector.getPolygon(0);
        // Get the tag cog corresponding to the projection of the tag frame in the image
        vip.push_back(detector.getCog(0));
        // Display the trajectory of the points
        if (first_time) {
          traj_vip = new std::vector<vpImagePoint>[vip.size()];
        }
        display_point_trajectory(I, vip, traj_vip);
 
        if (opt_plot) {
          plotter->plot(0, iter_plot, task.getError());
          plotter->plot(1, iter_plot, v_c);
          iter_plot++;
        }
 
        if (opt_verbose) {
          std::cout << "v_c: " << v_c.t() << std::endl;
        }
 
        vpTranslationVector cd_t_c = cd_M_c.getTranslationVector();
        vpThetaUVector cd_tu_c = cd_M_c.getThetaUVector();
        double error_tr = sqrt(cd_t_c.sumSquare());
        double error_tu = vpMath::deg(sqrt(cd_tu_c.sumSquare()));
 
        ss.str("");
        ss << "error_t: " << error_tr;
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, 20, static_cast<int>(I.getWidth()) - 150, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
        ss.str("");
        ss << "error_tu: " << error_tu;
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, 40, static_cast<int>(I.getWidth()) - 150, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
 
        if (opt_verbose)
          std::cout << "error translation: " << error_tr << " ; error rotation: " << error_tu << std::endl;
 
        if (error_tr < convergence_threshold_t && error_tu < convergence_threshold_tu) {
          has_converged = true;
          std::cout << "Servo task has converged" << std::endl;
          ;
          vpDisplay::displayText(I, 100, 20, "Servo task has converged", vpColor::red);
        }
 
        if (first_time) {
          first_time = false;
        }
      } // end if (c_M_o_vec.size() == 1)
      else {
        v_c = 0;
      }
 
      if (!send_velocities) {
        v_c = 0;
      }
 
      // Send to the robot
      robot.setVelocity(vpRobot::CAMERA_FRAME, v_c);
 
      ss.str("");
      ss << "Loop time: " << vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_start << " ms";
      vpDisplay::displayText(I, 40, 20, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
      vpDisplay::flush(I);
 
      vpMouseButton::vpMouseButtonType button;
      if (vpDisplay::getClick(I, button, false)) {
        switch (button) {
        case vpMouseButton::button1:
          send_velocities = !send_velocities;
          break;
 
        case vpMouseButton::button3:
          final_quit = true;
          v_c = 0;
          break;
 
        default:
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    std::cout << "Stop the robot " << std::endl;
    robot.setRobotState(vpRobot::STATE_STOP);
 
    if (opt_plot && plotter != nullptr) {
      delete plotter;
      plotter = nullptr;
    }
 
    if (!final_quit) {
      while (!final_quit) {
        rs.acquire(I);
        vpDisplay::display(I);
 
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, 20, 20, "Click to quit the program.", vpColor::red);
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, 40, 20, "Visual servo converged.", vpColor::red);
 
        if (vpDisplay::getClick(I, false)) {
          final_quit = true;
        }
 
        vpDisplay::flush(I);
      }
    }
 
    if (traj_vip) {
      delete[] traj_vip;
    }
  }
  catch (const vpException &e) {
    std::cout << "ViSP exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Stop the robot " << std::endl;
    robot.setRobotState(vpRobot::STATE_STOP);
#if (VISP_CXX_STANDARD < VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
    if (display != nullptr) {
      delete display;
    }
#endif
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  catch (const franka::NetworkException &e) {
    std::cout << "Franka network exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Check if you are connected to the Franka robot"
      << " or if you specified the right IP using --ip command line option set by default to 192.168.1.1. "
      << std::endl;
#if (VISP_CXX_STANDARD < VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
    if (display != nullptr) {
      delete display;
    }
#endif
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  catch (const std::exception &e) {
    std::cout << "Franka exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
#if (VISP_CXX_STANDARD < VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
    if (display != nullptr) {
      delete display;
    }
#endif
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
 
#if (VISP_CXX_STANDARD < VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
  if (display != nullptr) {
    delete display;
  }
#endif
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#else
int main()
{
#if !defined(VISP_HAVE_REALSENSE2)
  std::cout << "Install librealsense-2.x and rebuild ViSP." << std::endl;
#endif
#if !defined(VISP_HAVE_FRANKA)
  std::cout << "Install libfranka and rebuild ViSP." << std::endl;
#endif
#if !defined(VISP_HAVE_PUGIXML)
  std::cout << "Build ViSP with pugixml support enabled." << std::endl;
#endif
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#endif