\chapentry {Introduction and preliminaries}{1}{1}
\secentry {Introduction to \code {m4}}{1}{1}{1}
\secentry {Historical references}{1}{2}{1}
\secentry {Invoking \code {m4}}{1}{3}{2}
\secentry {Problems and bugs}{1}{4}{5}
\secentry {Using this manual}{1}{5}{5}
\chapentry {Lexical and syntactic conventions}{2}{6}
\secentry {Names}{2}{1}{6}
\secentry {Quoted strings}{2}{2}{6}
\secentry {Other tokens}{2}{3}{6}
\secentry {Comments}{2}{4}{6}
\chapentry {How to invoke macros}{3}{7}
\secentry {Macro invocation}{3}{1}{7}
\secentry {Preventing macro invocation}{3}{2}{7}
\secentry {Macro arguments}{3}{3}{8}
\secentry {Quoting macro arguments}{3}{4}{9}
\secentry {Macro expansion}{3}{5}{9}
\chapentry {How to define new macros}{4}{10}
\secentry {Defining a macro}{4}{1}{10}
\secentry {Arguments to macros}{4}{2}{10}
\secentry {Special arguments to macros}{4}{3}{11}
\secentry {Deleting a macro}{4}{4}{12}
\secentry {Renaming macros}{4}{5}{12}
\secentry {Temporarily redefining macros}{4}{6}{13}
\secentry {Indirect call of macros}{4}{7}{14}
\secentry {Indirect call of builtins}{4}{8}{14}
\chapentry {Conditionals, loops and recursion}{5}{15}
\secentry {Testing macro definitions}{5}{1}{15}
\secentry {Comparing strings}{5}{2}{15}
\secentry {Loops and recursion}{5}{3}{16}
\chapentry {How to debug macros and input}{6}{18}
\secentry {Displaying macro definitions}{6}{1}{18}
\secentry {Tracing macro calls}{6}{2}{18}
\secentry {Controlling debugging output}{6}{3}{19}
\secentry {Saving debugging output}{6}{4}{20}
\chapentry {Input control}{7}{21}
\secentry {Deleting whitespace in input}{7}{1}{21}
\secentry {Changing the quote characters}{7}{2}{21}
\secentry {Changing comment delimiters}{7}{3}{22}
\secentry {Changing the lexical structure of words}{7}{4}{22}
\secentry {Saving input}{7}{5}{24}
\chapentry {File inclusion}{8}{25}
\secentry {Including named files}{8}{1}{25}
\secentry {Searching for include files}{8}{2}{26}
\chapentry {Diverting and undiverting output}{9}{27}
\secentry {Diverting output}{9}{1}{27}
\secentry {Undiverting output}{9}{2}{28}
\secentry {Diversion numbers}{9}{3}{29}
\secentry {Discarding diverted text}{9}{4}{29}
\chapentry {Macros for text handling}{10}{31}
\secentry {Calculating length of strings}{10}{1}{31}
\secentry {Searching for substrings}{10}{2}{31}
\secentry {Searching for regular expressions}{10}{3}{31}
\secentry {Extracting substrings}{10}{4}{32}
\secentry {Translating characters}{10}{5}{32}
\secentry {Substituting text by regular expression}{10}{6}{33}
\secentry {Formatted output}{10}{7}{33}
\chapentry {Macros for doing arithmetic}{11}{35}
\secentry {Decrement and increment operators}{11}{1}{35}
\secentry {Evaluating integer expressions}{11}{2}{35}
\chapentry {Running UNIX commands}{12}{38}
\secentry {Executing simple commands}{12}{1}{38}
\secentry {Reading the output of commands}{12}{2}{38}
\secentry {Exit codes}{12}{3}{38}
\secentry {Making names for temporary files}{12}{4}{39}
\chapentry {Miscellaneous builtin macros}{13}{40}
\secentry {Printing error messages}{13}{1}{40}
\secentry {Exiting from \code {m4}}{13}{2}{40}
\chapentry {Fast loading of frozen states}{14}{41}
\chapentry {Compatibility with other versions of \code {m4}}{15}{43}
\secentry {Extensions in GNU \code {m4}}{15}{1}{43}
\secentry {Facilities in System V \code {m4} not in GNU \code {m4}}{15}{2}{44}
\secentry {Other incompatibilities}{15}{3}{44}
\unnumbchapentry {Concept index}{45}
\unnumbchapentry {Macro index}{47}